本文選題：玻璃模壓機(jī) + 模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造　； 參考：《深圳大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：光學(xué)玻璃精密熱壓成型技術(shù)是一種新興的快速有效加工光學(xué)元器件的成型工藝。在該工藝過(guò)程中,首先將經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)成型的玻璃坯料放入下模具中,同時(shí)將模具和玻璃坯料加熱到轉(zhuǎn)化點(diǎn)溫度附近合適的溫度區(qū)間內(nèi),在無(wú)氧的環(huán)境下,通過(guò)閉合上下模具,將模仁上的面型形狀復(fù)制到玻璃預(yù)制件上,然后通過(guò)通入氮?dú)庹{(diào)整不同溫度區(qū)間的冷卻速率直至冷卻至室溫,直接得到可用的光學(xué)玻璃鏡片。該技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)在于將傳統(tǒng)的研磨、拋光等工藝都省略掉,直接加工出光學(xué)元器件,特別是非球面、微透鏡陣列和衍射光學(xué)器件等,具有高效率、適合大批量生產(chǎn)和環(huán)保等優(yōu)點(diǎn),是現(xiàn)在市場(chǎng)上較為主流的光學(xué)玻璃鏡片的生產(chǎn)方法。本文的目標(biāo)是研制一套供光學(xué)玻璃精密熱壓成型設(shè)備用的光學(xué)模具,要求加工得到的模仁面形精度誤差小于5μm,表面粗糙度小于10nm。研究中,首先對(duì)各種模具結(jié)構(gòu)、模壓工藝過(guò)程及模具材料特性進(jìn)行充分調(diào)研分析,然后在此基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)光學(xué)模具進(jìn)行了初步的設(shè)計(jì)。通過(guò)對(duì)比模具鋼、碳化鎢、碳化硅的材料特性,確定了使用碳化鎢為模具材料。然后對(duì)比沖壓模具、注塑模具和壓鑄模具的工作特點(diǎn),確定了本文的光學(xué)模具結(jié)構(gòu)采用導(dǎo)柱定位,模仁裝配在模座中的結(jié)構(gòu)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)ABAQUS軟件,對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)好的模具進(jìn)行仿真,驗(yàn)證其在加熱到玻璃軟化點(diǎn)溫度附近的變形情況,分析其應(yīng)力應(yīng)變是否滿足模壓要求,得出WC模具在模壓溫度下的應(yīng)力應(yīng)變情況遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于H13模具。然后選擇粘彈性模型,設(shè)立邊界條件,構(gòu)建有限元仿真模型。用該模型仿真玻璃在加熱、模壓、退火和冷卻時(shí)候的溫度、應(yīng)力應(yīng)變變化。仿真結(jié)果表明應(yīng)力較大部分主要出現(xiàn)在玻璃預(yù)制件與模具型腔的拐點(diǎn)處,透鏡底部中心處應(yīng)力幾乎為零,玻璃透鏡在經(jīng)過(guò)退火后,應(yīng)力釋放相較于未退火有所下降。隨后仿真了模壓參數(shù)對(duì)玻璃應(yīng)力的影響,表明在模壓階段,隨著溫度的增加,最大等效應(yīng)力減小;隨著模壓速率的增加,最大等效應(yīng)力增加。在退火冷卻階段,殘余應(yīng)力隨著保持壓力和退火速率的增加而增加,但是退火速率對(duì)殘余應(yīng)力的影響更大。根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果提出了一套最合適的工藝參數(shù)方案。最后再通過(guò)加工出模具并裝配到設(shè)備上后,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)制作出來(lái)的光學(xué)鏡片對(duì)模具的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。
[Abstract]:Optical glass precision hot pressing technology is a new technology for rapid and effective processing of optical components.In this process, the pre-formed glass billet is first put into the lower mold, and the mould and the glass blank are heated to the appropriate temperature range near the transformation point temperature. In the anaerobic environment, the upper and lower mold are closed.The surface shape of the kernels is copied to the glass prefabricated parts, and then the cooling rate of different temperature ranges is adjusted to room temperature by nitrogen transfer, and the available optical glass lenses are obtained directly.The characteristic of this technology is that the traditional grinding and polishing techniques are omitted, and optical components, especially aspherical surfaces, microlens arrays and diffractive optical devices, are directly machined. It has the advantages of high efficiency, suitable for mass production and environmental protection.Is the current market more mainstream optical glass lens production methods.The aim of this paper is to develop a set of optical mould for optical glass precision hot pressing equipment. The precision error of kernel shape is less than 5 渭 m and the surface roughness is less than 10 nm.In the research, various die structures, molding process and die material characteristics are investigated and analyzed, and then the optical mould is designed preliminarily.By comparing the characteristics of die steel, tungsten carbide and silicon carbide, the use of tungsten carbide as mould material is determined.Then comparing the working characteristics of stamping mould injection mould and die casting mould the structure of the optical mould in this paper is determined which is located by guide post and assembled by die kernel in die base.On this basis, through the ABAQUS software, the designed mold is simulated to verify its deformation near the temperature of the softening point of glass, and to analyze whether the stress and strain of the mold can meet the requirements of mold pressing.The results show that the stress and strain of WC die is much better than that of H 13 die at molding temperature.Then the viscoelastic model is selected and the boundary condition is set up to construct the finite element simulation model.The model is used to simulate the temperature, stress and strain of glass during heating, moulding, annealing and cooling.The simulation results show that the large part of the stress mainly occurs at the inflection point between the glass preform and the mold cavity, and the stress at the center of the bottom of the lens is almost zero. After annealing, the stress release of the glass lens is lower than that of the unannealed one.The results show that the maximum equivalent stress decreases with the increase of temperature and the maximum equivalent stress increases with the increase of molding rate.At the cooling stage of annealing, the residual stress increases with the increase of holding pressure and annealing rate, but the effect of annealing rate on residual stress is greater.According to the simulation results, a set of most suitable process parameters is proposed.Finally, the mold design is improved by the experimental optical lens after the mold is manufactured and assembled to the equipment.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：深圳大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ171.63

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