本文選題：竹基活性炭　切入點(diǎn)：改性　出處：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)前由十環(huán)境污染嚴(yán)重、能源消耗加劇,人們對淡水資源的需求與日俱增,全球淡水資源止在逐年減少,大力開發(fā)海水淡化技術(shù)對于緩解現(xiàn)有淡水資源的消耗具有很重要意義。傳統(tǒng)的蒸餾、反滲透、電滲析等海水淡化方法是以消耗大量能源為代價(jià)的,生產(chǎn)成本較高,積極開發(fā)能耗低、環(huán)境友好型的海水淡化新方法已迫在眉睫。電容法脫鹽或電容去離子(CDI)技術(shù)是一種新興的海水淡化技術(shù),由于其具有能源消耗小、無二次污染、可循環(huán)利用等特點(diǎn)在海水淡化技術(shù)中顯示出較好的前景。美國的Biosource、加拿大的Enpar和中國常州的愛思特等多家公司已生產(chǎn)出了電容法脫鹽產(chǎn)品。在CDI的核心電極材料中,多孔炭材料由于具有良好的存儲(chǔ)容量和優(yōu)異的離子、電子傳遞性能使其得到廣泛應(yīng)用。尋找電導(dǎo)率高、比表面積大、孔結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)達(dá)孔徑分布合適、比容量高、循環(huán)利用率高等性能優(yōu)異的電極材料是CDl技術(shù)中的研究重點(diǎn)。本課題分別制備了竹基活性炭及其改性材料(不同比例的二氧化錳摻雜與石墨烯復(fù)合)、炭氣凝膠等多孔炭,同時(shí)自制了電容法脫鹽實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,考察了不同電極材料脫鹽效果的區(qū)別,討論了電容法脫鹽技術(shù)中裝置的操作因素影響。經(jīng)過BET測試發(fā)現(xiàn),竹基活性炭具有1747m2g-1的比表面積和2nm左右的孔徑分布。通過共沉淀的方法分別制備了不同比例(wt1%、wt5%、wt10%、wt20%)二氧化錳摻雜的竹基活性炭,在恒流充放電測試中wt1%二氧化錳摻雜的竹基活性炭的比電容最高,達(dá)到了209F·g-1,在脫鹽測試中,其脫鹽效果達(dá)到10.30mg·g-1,脫除率為19.0%,具有很好的淡化鹽水的效果。不同比例(wt1%、wt5%、wt10%、wt20%)石墨烯復(fù)合的竹基活性炭電極材料在石墨烯含量wt5%時(shí),恒流充放電測試中具有很好的循環(huán)充放性能,比電容為121 F·g-1,在循環(huán)伏安測試中表現(xiàn)出了很好的雙電層電容性能,在電容法脫鹽測試中,其脫鹽效果達(dá)到970mg·g-1。在制備的兩種不同孔徑的炭氣凝膠的電容法測試中發(fā)現(xiàn),孔徑較大(19.6nm)的樣品CRF300-20比較小的(9.8nm)具有更好的脫鹽效果。在自制的電容法脫鹽裝置中,經(jīng)過測試我們選擇1.2V電壓、10mL·min-1流速、1mm間距作為脫鹽的操作條件。考察了不同濃度的進(jìn)液濃度影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)處理液初試濃度的增大會(huì)使脫鹽效果提高。最后,經(jīng)過吸附-脫吸附循環(huán)測試,考察了竹基活性炭和炭氣凝膠的重復(fù)利用性,經(jīng)過三次循環(huán)后電極材料仍有很好的吸附性能。
[Abstract]:At present, due to the serious environmental pollution and the intensification of energy consumption, the demand for freshwater resources is increasing day by day, and the global freshwater resources are decreasing year by year. It is of great significance to develop seawater desalination technology to alleviate the consumption of existing freshwater resources. Traditional desalination methods such as distillation, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis and so on are at the cost of consuming a great deal of energy, and the production cost is high. It is urgent to develop a new method of seawater desalination with low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. The capacitive desalination or capacitive desalination (CDI) technology is a new seawater desalination technology, because of its low energy consumption and no secondary pollution. The characteristics of recycling have shown good prospects in seawater desalination technology. Several companies, such as Biosourcein in the United States, Enpar in Canada and Este in Changzhou, China, have produced capacitive desalination products. In the core electrode materials of CDI, Porous carbon materials have been widely used because of their good storage capacity and excellent ion transport properties. It is found that the porous carbon materials have high conductivity, large specific surface area, well developed pore size distribution and high specific capacity. The electrode materials with high recycling efficiency and excellent performance are the focus of CDl technology. In this paper, bamboo based activated carbon and its modified materials, such as different proportion of manganese dioxide doped with graphene, carbon aerogel and other porous carbon, were prepared, respectively. At the same time, the experiment device of capacitor desalting was made, the difference of desalting effect of different electrode materials was investigated, and the influence of operation factors on the desalting technology of capacitance method was discussed. The results of BET test showed that, Bamboo based activated carbon (BAC) has a specific surface area of 1747m2g-1 and pore size distribution of about 2nm. Bamboo based activated carbon (BAC) doped with manganese dioxide was prepared by coprecipitation method. In the constant current charge-discharge test, the specific capacitance of bamboo based activated carbon doped with wt1% manganese dioxide was the highest, reaching 209F 路g-1.In desalting test, the specific capacitance of bamboo-based activated carbon was 209F 路g-1.In desalination test, The desalination effect reached 10.30 mg 路g-1 and the removal rate was 19.0, which had a good effect on desalination of brine. The bamboo-based activated carbon electrode materials with different proportions of wt5 and wt10and graphite had good cyclic charge and discharge performance in constant current charge-discharge test when the content of graphene was wt5%. The specific capacitance is 121 F 路g -1, which shows a good double layer capacitance performance in cyclic voltammetry. In the capacitance desalination test, the desalination effect is 970 mg 路g -1. It is found in the capacitance test of two kinds of carbon aerogels with different pore sizes. The sample with larger pore diameter of 19.6nm) has better desalination effect than the sample with small diameter of 9.8nm. in the self-made capacitive desalting device, After testing, we selected 1.2V voltage of 10ml 路min-1 flow rate of 10ml 路min-1 as the operating condition of desalting. The effect of different concentration of liquid injection on desalination was investigated. It was found that the increase of initial concentration of the treated solution would improve the desalination effect. Finally, the desalination effect was improved with the increase of the initial concentration of the treated solution. The reusability of bamboo-based activated carbon and carbon aerogel was investigated by means of adsorption-desorption cycle test. After three cycles, the electrode material still had good adsorption performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ127.11

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本文編號(hào)：1566861