本文選題：多孔碳材料 + 吸附��； 參考：《江蘇大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：多孔碳材料擁有高的比表面積、豐富的孔隙結構、強的耐腐蝕性等特點,其作為吸附材料被廣泛應用于水污染處理領域。然而,多孔碳材料在應用的過程中依然有很多局限性,如制備成本高、吸附容量低和吸附平衡時間長等,無法完全滿足實際應用的需求。目前,新型多孔碳材料的開發(fā)與改性已成為研究熱點。為了應對復雜的水污染問題,本課題結合了多孔碳材料的內在優(yōu)勢和氮摻雜、酸化和熱解等改性方法,制備出了具有良好形貌和吸附性能優(yōu)異的新型多孔碳材料。利用多種表征手段對得到的多孔碳的結構和形貌進行分析,并研究了多孔碳材料對水體中不同類型污染物的吸附性能與機理。具體研究結果如下:(1)以SBA-15為模板材料,制備了一系列具有不同理化性質的氮摻雜介孔碳材料(MCN),并以亞甲基藍的吸附容量為導向,優(yōu)化MCN的合成。通過表征分析可得:改變前驅體的比例可以控制MCN的含氮量;其比表面積隨煅燒溫度增加呈現(xiàn)先變大后變小的趨勢,且最大可達667 m2g-1。并通過靜態(tài)吸附實驗研究了吸附體系的條件對吸附過程的影響,以及建立相關的模型進一步探討吸附機理。(2)以農業(yè)廢棄物花生殼為原料、氯化鋅為化學活化劑,并利用濃硝酸后改性處理,制備了一種新型活性炭材料(OAC)。表征結果顯示:該材料的比表面積為1807 m2 g-1。由于具有廣譜吸附性能,該活性炭材料對不同類型的污染物(如堿性藍41、剛果紅、苯酚、鉻(VI)和鉛(II)等)都顯示出了大的吸附容量,說明OAC對多種不同的污染物都具有良好的吸附性能。(3)以柚子皮為原料,結合水熱碳化與高溫熱解的方法制備了一種新型的碳氣凝膠(PCA)。PCA顯示出大的孔隙率、較低的密度和較好的疏水性能�？疾炝似鋵Χ喾N油與有機溶劑的吸附容量,結果顯示,該氣凝膠可以吸附它自身質量23~48倍的有機溶劑污染物。并對其再生方式與重復利用性能進行了考察,經過多次循環(huán)再生實驗后,OAC依然顯示出了較高的吸附容量,說明該材料在油污處理領域擁有良好的應用前景。(4)以廉價、可再生的竹子為原料制備了納米纖維素,再將氧化石墨烯和納米纖維素混合溶液,采用乙二胺誘導凝膠與高溫熱解反應制得一種具有低密度、疏水和多孔的還原氧化石墨烯/納米纖維素混合碳氣凝膠(rGO/NFC)。對比傳統(tǒng)的碳基吸附材料,rGO/NFC對油與有機溶劑呈現(xiàn)出了高的吸附容量(自身質量的42-102倍)和快的吸附速率。乙醇吸附-燃燒循環(huán)再生實驗顯示該材料具有優(yōu)異的再生和可重復利用性。
[Abstract]:Porous carbon materials with high specific surface area, rich pore structure, strong corrosion resistance and other characteristics, as adsorption materials are widely used in the field of water pollution treatment. However, there are still many limitations in the application of porous carbon materials, such as high preparation cost, low adsorption capacity and long adsorption equilibrium time, which can not fully meet the needs of practical applications. At present, the development and modification of new porous carbon materials has become a research hotspot. In order to deal with the complex water pollution problem, a new porous carbon material with good morphology and excellent adsorption performance was prepared by combining the internal advantages of porous carbon materials with nitrogen doping, acidizing and pyrolysis methods. The structure and morphology of porous carbon were analyzed by various characterization methods, and the adsorption properties and mechanism of porous carbon materials for different pollutants in water were studied. The specific results are as follows: (1) A series of N-doped mesoporous carbon materials with different physicochemical properties were prepared by using SBA-15 as template material. The synthesis of MCN was optimized based on the adsorption capacity of methylene blue. The results showed that the nitrogen content of MCN could be controlled by changing the ratio of precursor, and the specific surface area of MCN increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of calcination temperature, and the maximum was 667m2g-1. The influence of adsorption conditions on the adsorption process was studied by static adsorption experiments, and the related models were established to further explore the adsorption mechanism of peanut shell as raw material, zinc chloride as chemical activator, agricultural waste peanut shell as raw material, zinc chloride as chemical activator, and agricultural waste peanut shell as raw material and zinc chloride as chemical activator. A new activated carbon material was prepared by the treatment of concentrated nitric acid. The results showed that the specific surface area of the material was 1807 m ~ (2) g ~ (-1). Because of its wide spectrum adsorption properties, the activated carbon material showed large adsorption capacity for different types of pollutants (such as basic blue 41, Congo red, phenol, chromium Vi and lead II). It shows that OAC has good adsorption performance for many different pollutants. (3) A new carbon aerogel PCA-PCA-PCA-PCA-PCA-PCA3 was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization and pyrolysis with grapefruit peel as raw material. Lower density and better hydrophobicity. The adsorption capacity of various oils and organic solvents was investigated. The results showed that the aerogel could adsorb the organic solvent pollutants of 2348 times of its own mass. After repeated recycling experiments, the OAC still showed high adsorption capacity, indicating that the material has a good application prospect in oil pollution treatment field. Nanocellulose was prepared from renewable bamboo, and then the mixture of graphene oxide and nanocellulose was prepared by ethylenediamine induced gel reaction with high temperature pyrolysis to produce a low density. Hydrophobic and porous redox graphene / nanocellulose carbon aerogels rGOP / NFC. Compared with the traditional carbon-based adsorption material rGOR / NFC, the adsorption capacity of oil and organic solvents is high (42-102 times of their own mass) and the adsorption rate is fast. The experimental results of ethanol adsorption and combustion cycle regeneration show that the material has excellent regeneration and reusability.
【學位授予單位】：江蘇大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703;O647.3

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