本文選題：水鹽體系 + 共晶點　； 參考：《化工學報》2017年09期

【摘要】：針對Na~+//Cl~-,NO_3~--H_2O、Na~+//Cl~-,SO_4~(2-)-H_2O和Na~+,K~+//Cl~--H_2O 3個三元水鹽體系,測定了不同組成時溶液的冰點、共晶點以及降溫過程的析鹽規(guī)律,繪制出三元體系溫度-組成立體相圖。結果表明:三元體系的冰點、共晶點、相關系與組成可用三棱柱表達,3個三元水鹽體系在共晶點溫度下均無復鹽存在,各含有1個兩鹽與冰的共晶點,3條單鹽與冰或鹽鹽的共晶線,1個冰和兩個單鹽結晶區(qū);用三元體系溫度-組成立體相圖能更直觀地表達三元水鹽體系的結晶區(qū)、冰點、共晶點和溶液組成的關系,可以判斷溶液降溫過程中的鹽或冰的析出類型、溫度;同時建立了冰點經驗公式,應用經驗公式和過量吉布斯自由能模型預測三元體系的冰點和共晶點,計算值和實驗值吻合良好。
[Abstract]:For the Na / / Cl / Cl-No3 / H _ 2O-Na ~ / / Cl-O _ 4 / so _ 4 / S _ 4 and Na ~ / / / Cl-H _ 2O / H _ 2O ternary water-salt systems, the freezing point, eutectic point and salt-evolution law of the solution at different compositions were measured, and the thermo-composition stereoscopic diagram of the ternary system was drawn. The results show that the freezing point, eutectic point, phase relation and composition of the ternary system can be expressed by triangulars, and there is no double salt in the three ternary water-salt systems at eutectic point temperature. Each eutectic point containing two salts and ice has three eutectic lines, one ice and two single salt crystalline regions. The ternary system temperature and composition stereoscopic phase diagram can more intuitively express the crystalline region and freezing point of ternary water salt system. The relationship between eutectic point and solution composition can determine the precipitation type and temperature of salt or ice in the process of solution cooling, and establish the empirical formula of freezing point. The empirical formula and the excess Gibbs free energy model are used to predict the freezing point and eutectic point of ternary system. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data.
【作者單位】： 新疆煤炭潔凈轉化與化工過程重點實驗室新疆大學化學化工學院;
【基金】：國家自然科學基金項目(21166022)~~
【分類號】：O642.42

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