本文選題：生物炭　切入點(diǎn)：除草劑　出處：《紹興文理學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：生物炭作為土壤改良材料施用于土壤后將影響除草劑的吸附。同時(shí),土壤中的礦物質(zhì)如蒙脫石、氧化鋁、高嶺土等對除草劑也具有一定的吸附性能,它們與生物炭在吸附除草劑上的選擇性、競爭行為以及相互影響有待研究。本文首先以木屑、稻草、牛糞等為原料制備生物炭。樣品分析結(jié)果表明,隨著熱解溫度升高,生物炭的芳香性提高、極性降低,比表面積增加。與氮?dú)夥障轮兄苽涞纳锾勘容^,在馬弗爐中限氧熱解得到的生物炭比表面積更大,可達(dá)430 m2/g。等溫吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,礦物質(zhì)中蒙脫石、氧化鋁對除草劑的吸附能力較好。氮?dú)夥障轮苽涞纳锾勘缺砻娣e較小,對除草劑的吸附以分配作用為主,除草劑的疏水性越高越有利于吸附。馬弗爐中限氧熱解得到的兩種木屑炭(MWS400、MWS600)對嗪草酮和乙草胺的平衡吸附量明顯超過其它生物炭。采用掃描電鏡和能譜(SEM-EDS)聯(lián)用探討了除草劑在礦物質(zhì)/生物炭復(fù)合物表面的吸附分布情況,結(jié)果表明,復(fù)合物表面吸附的除草劑主要集中于礦物質(zhì)表面。利用元素分析(EA)估算復(fù)合物中生物炭對吸附除草劑的貢獻(xiàn),結(jié)果表明,在氧化鋁/生物炭復(fù)合物中,生物炭對吸附除草劑的貢獻(xiàn)率大多超過50%,其中對吸附莠去津的貢獻(xiàn)率更高。說明在復(fù)合物中生物炭對除草劑的吸附主要位于生物炭內(nèi)部孔結(jié)構(gòu)中。分別探討了礦物質(zhì)處理對生物炭孔結(jié)構(gòu)和吸附性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過氧化鋁和蒙脫石處理后生物炭的比表面積、孔徑和介孔容增大。生物炭MWS400經(jīng)過氧化鋁處理后微孔比表面積SAmicro增加了2.44倍、介孔比表面積SA17-500?增加了2.06倍;MWS600經(jīng)過氧化鋁處理后SAmicro變化不顯著、SA17-500?增加了1.94倍。通過提取MWS400中的未碳化有機(jī)質(zhì)、并經(jīng)元素分析(EA)、紅外光譜(IR)和核磁共振波譜(NMR)分析表明,氧化鋁對生物炭的擴(kuò)孔作用與它對生物炭孔隙中高含氧有機(jī)質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān)。經(jīng)過氧化鋁處理后生物炭對除草劑的平衡吸附量提高,通過吸附模型擬合發(fā)現(xiàn)生物炭對除草劑的吸附來自于分配和孔隙填充的共同貢獻(xiàn)�；诔輨┓肿映叽绲哪M計(jì)算,發(fā)現(xiàn)生物炭中的介孔對于吸附除草劑起了主導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:The application of biochar as a soil improvement material will affect the adsorption of herbicides. At the same time, minerals in soil such as montmorillonite, alumina and kaolinite also have some adsorption properties on herbicides, such as montmorillonite, alumina and kaolinite. The selectivity, competitive behavior and interaction between biochar and biochar on adsorption herbicide need to be studied. In this paper, we first prepared biochar from sawdust, straw and cow dung. The results of sample analysis show that the pyrolysis temperature increases with the increase of pyrolysis temperature. Compared with those prepared in nitrogen atmosphere, the specific surface area of biochar obtained by oxygen-limiting pyrolysis in muffle furnace is much larger, reaching 430 m2 / g. The isothermal adsorption results show that the specific surface area of biochar is higher than that of biochar prepared in nitrogen atmosphere, and the specific surface area of biochar is higher than that of biochar prepared in nitrogen atmosphere, which can reach 430 m2 / g. The adsorption ability of montmorillonite and alumina on herbicide is better. The specific surface area of biochar prepared in nitrogen atmosphere is small, and the adsorption of herbicide is mainly distributed. The higher the hydrophobicity of herbicide is, the more favorable the adsorption is. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of two kinds of wood scraps, MWS400 and MWS600, obtained from Oxygen-limited pyrolysis in muffle furnace is obviously higher than that of other biochar. A study on the combination of SEM and EDS SEM-EDS. The adsorption distribution of herbicide on the surface of mineral / biochar complex was discussed. The results showed that the herbicide adsorbed on the surface of the complex was mainly concentrated on the mineral surface. The contribution of biochar to the adsorption of herbicide was estimated by elemental analysis EAA. The results showed that in the alumina / biochar complex, The contribution rate of biochar to adsorption herbicide is more than 50%, and the contribution rate to adsorption of atrazine is higher than that of biochar. It shows that the adsorption of herbicide by biochar in complex is mainly located in the pore structure of biochar. Effects of substance treatment on pore structure and adsorption properties of biochar. After the treatment of alumina and montmorillonite, the specific surface area, pore size and mesoporous volume of biochar MWS400 increased by 2.44 times, and the mesoporous specific surface area SA17-500? The SAmicro of MWS600 was increased by 2.06 times after alumina treatment, and the change of SAmicro was not significant (SA17-500). The content of uncarbonated organic matter in MWS400 was extracted and analyzed by elemental analysis, IR and NMRs. The pore expansion effect of alumina on biochar is related to the transfer of organic matter with high oxygen content in biochar pores. After alumina treatment, the equilibrium adsorption of herbicide on biochar is increased. It was found that the adsorption of herbicides by biochar came from the contribution of distribution and pore filling. Based on the simulation of the molecular size of herbicides, it was found that mesoporous in biochar played a leading role in the adsorption of herbicides.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：紹興文理學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ424;O647.3

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