本文選題：土壤膠體　切入點(diǎn)：生物質(zhì)炭　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤重金屬污染給糧食安全生產(chǎn)帶來嚴(yán)重威脅,土壤中重金屬污染物的形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化及遷移累積引起廣大學(xué)者的關(guān)注。環(huán)境中的釩隨飲食、呼吸等方式被帶入動(dòng)物體內(nèi),對(duì)人類健康造成威脅。釩污染雖然不會(huì)立即威脅全球范圍內(nèi)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),但是隨著釩的沉積和遷移,會(huì)逐漸破壞生態(tài)環(huán)境。深入研究釩在土壤環(huán)境中的遷移和轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制,將非常有利于釩的污染治理與環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品更加安全的生產(chǎn)。本文以五價(jià)的釩為研究對(duì)象,采用陜西省典型的黃褐土、X土、風(fēng)沙土、黃綿土、以及相應(yīng)的土壤膠體和改性鋸末生物質(zhì)炭為吸附材料,通過吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)及與等溫試驗(yàn),分析不同吸附材料對(duì)V(V)的吸附能力的差異性,結(jié)合比表面積(BET)、傅里葉紅外光譜(FTIR)、X衍射分析(XRD)、電子掃描電鏡(SEM)和原子力顯微鏡(AFM)等分析表征手段,探索不同吸附材料對(duì)V(V)的吸附機(jī)理。上述研究旨在揭示不同吸附劑對(duì)V(V)的固持能力的大小,為了解V(V)在土壤中的行為和生物質(zhì)炭的環(huán)境生態(tài)修復(fù)提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本研究取得了以下主要結(jié)論:(1)不同土壤對(duì)釩吸附能力的大小黃褐土、X土、風(fēng)沙土和黃綿土由于物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)(有機(jī)質(zhì)含量、比表面積、粒徑分布和礦物成分)的不同,對(duì)V(V)的吸附也存在較大差異。完成快速吸附V(V)的反應(yīng)時(shí)間分別為60min、120min、120min和30min,動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)最為符合擬二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)模型。這表明土壤吸附釩是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的化學(xué)吸附與物理吸附共存的動(dòng)態(tài)吸附過程。Freundlich模型能較好地?cái)M合等溫吸附數(shù)據(jù),陜西土壤對(duì)V(V)的吸附為多分子層吸附,黃褐土、X土、風(fēng)沙土和黃綿土對(duì)V(V)的最大吸附量分別為1147.4 mg·kg-1,854.4 mg·kg-1,748.6mg·kg-1,730.8 mg·kg-1。pH值為4到8時(shí)黃褐土、X土、風(fēng)沙土和黃綿土吸附V(V)的最大吸附能力較穩(wěn)定,同時(shí)吸附能力隨著離子強(qiáng)度的增加而降低。(2)釩在不同土壤膠體上的吸附行為特征通過原子力顯微鏡(AFM)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),與風(fēng)沙土和X土膠體相比,黃綿土膠體粒徑最大為181.30 nm。XRD結(jié)果分析顯示天然土壤膠體中主要的礦物成分包括黑云母、高嶺石、方解石和石英。土壤膠體對(duì)V(V)的吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)和等溫線分別能較好的被Pseudo-second-order和Freundlich模型擬合。Langmuir模型擬合結(jié)果表明X土和風(fēng)沙土膠體對(duì)V(V)的最大吸附能力相差不大,黃綿土膠體對(duì)V(V)的吸附能力較弱,最大吸附量分別為285.7 mg g-1、238.1 mg g-1和41.5 mg g-1。吸附能力的差異與土壤膠體的粒徑大小和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量有直接關(guān)系,且化學(xué)吸附過程主要作用于羧基和羥基官能團(tuán)。在pH影響試驗(yàn)中,X土膠體在溶液初始pH值介于5.0--9.0之間吸附量最佳,風(fēng)沙土和黃綿土膠體的最佳為6.0--8.0。隨離子強(qiáng)度的增加,土壤膠體對(duì)V(V)的吸附能力相應(yīng)減小。(3)改性鋸末生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)釩吸附特征隨著pH值的升高,改性鋸末生物質(zhì)對(duì)釩的吸附量先增加后減小,其中pH在7左右時(shí),吸附量達(dá)到最大,為15.766 mg.g-1。改性生物質(zhì)炭在前1小時(shí)內(nèi)迅速完成對(duì)釩的吸附過程,在24小時(shí)左右達(dá)到吸附平衡,吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)擬合結(jié)果符合擬二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程。原始生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)釩的最大吸附量為1.9905 mg.g-1,Fe改性生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)釩的最大吸附量為17.231 mg.g-1,改性炭對(duì)釩的吸附量是原始炭吸附量的8.66倍。鋸末生物質(zhì)炭經(jīng)過Fe負(fù)載改性,改變生物質(zhì)炭的元素組成,降低了生物質(zhì)炭的孔隙度,可顯著提高生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)釩的吸附性能。改性生物質(zhì)炭對(duì)釩良好的吸附性能主要?dú)w功于其表面的正電荷對(duì)陰離子形態(tài)釩的吸附作用。
[Abstract]:The soil heavy metal pollution poses a serious threat to food safety, aroused the attention of scholars form transformation and migration of heavy metal pollutants in the soil. The accumulation of vanadium in environment with diet, breathing etc. were brought into the animal body, a threat to human health. Although vanadium pollution does not immediately threaten the ecological system in the world, but with the the migration and deposition of vanadium, will gradually destroy the ecological environment. Study on the migration and transformation mechanism of vanadium in soil environment will be very thorough, making pollution control and environmental standards for vanadium, so as to realize the agricultural products more secure production. This paper takes the pentavalent vanadium as the research object, the typical yellow soil, Shaanxi X soil, sandy soil, loessial soil, and the soil colloid and the corresponding modified sawdust charcoal adsorption material, the adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption test and analysis of different. The material of V (V) the difference of the adsorption capacity, combined with the specific surface area (BET), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) and other characterization techniques, explore the different adsorption material for the adsorption of V (V) the study aims to reveal the different mechanism of adsorption of V (V) of the holding capacity of V (V), in order to provide scientific basis for the ecological environment restoration in the behavior of the soil and the biomass carbon. This research has made the following main conclusions: (1) different soil adsorption capacity of vanadium in yellow cinnamon soil. X soil, sandy soil and loess soil due to physical and chemical properties (organic matter content, specific surface area, particle size distribution and mineral composition) of different V (V) adsorption are also quite different. The rapid adsorption of V (V) reaction time were 60min, 120min, 120min and 30min, kinetics the quasi two level data in line with the This shows that the soil mechanics model. Adsorption of vanadium is the dynamic adsorption process.Freundlich model is a complex physical adsorption and chemical adsorption coexist can better fit the adsorption data, Shaanxi soil on V (V) adsorption for multi molecular layer adsorption, yellow cinnamon soil, X soil, sandy soil and loess soil on V (V) the maximum adsorption capacity was 1147.4 Mg - kg-1854.4 Mg - kg-1748.6mg - kg-1730.8 Mg - kg-1.pH value of 4 to 8 yellow cinnamon soil, X soil, sandy soil and loess soil adsorption of V (V) and the maximum adsorption capacity is relatively stable, at the same time the adsorption capacity decreased with increasing ionic strength and adsorption behavior (2). Vanadium in different soil colloid by atomic force microscopy (AFM) results showed that, compared with sandy soil and X soil colloid, loessial soil colloid particle size up to 181.30 nm.XRD results showed that the main mineral component comprises biotite natural soil colloid, kaolinite, Calcite and quartz. Soil colloids on V (V) adsorption kinetics and isotherms were better by Pseudo-second-order and Freundlich model.Langmuir model fitting results show that the X soil and sandy soil colloids on V (V) and the maximum adsorption capacity difference, loessial soil colloids on V (V) adsorption capacity is weak, the maximum adsorption were there is a direct relationship between Mg g-1238.1 mg g-1 between 285.7 and 41.5 mg g-1. adsorption capacity and soil colloid particle size and organic matter content, and the main role in the process of chemical adsorption of carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups. In the pH impact test, X value of soil colloid adsorption between 5.0--9.0 optimal solution at the initial pH wind, sand and loess soil colloid best to increase the 6.0--8.0. with ionic strength, soil colloids on V (V) adsorption capacity decreased. (3) modified sawdust charcoal on the adsorption characteristics of vanadium with pH value The increase of modified sawdust adsorption capacity of vanadium increased first and then decreased, the pH was 7, the adsorption capacity reached the maximum, complete the adsorption process of vanadium rapidly in the first 1 hours of 15.766 mg.g-1. modified biomass carbon, adsorption equilibrium in about 24 hours, the adsorption dynamic fitting results with quasi mechanics the two order kinetics equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of vanadium raw biomass carbon is 1.9905 mg.g-1, Fe modified biomass carbon maximum adsorption capacity of vanadium is 17.231 mg.g-1, the adsorption capacity of vanadium modified activated carbon is 8.66 times higher than the original carbon adsorption. The sawdust carbon after Fe load modification, change of biomass carbon elemental composition, reduced the biomass carbon porosity, can significantly improve the adsorption performance of biochar on adsorption of vanadium. The positive charge modified biomass carbon on adsorption performance of vanadium is mainly due to its good surface morphology of vanadium by anion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53;O647.33

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