本文關(guān)鍵詞： 半導(dǎo)體納米材料 水熱法 摻雜 光學(xué)性質(zhì)　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自1980年后期開始,掀起了納米材料的研究熱潮,納米材料獨(dú)特優(yōu)異的光學(xué)性能吸引著眾多科學(xué)家。半導(dǎo)體納米材料,尤其是硫化鎘、硫化鋅等寬禁帶半導(dǎo)體材料作為納米材料體系中最為經(jīng)典的一類,以其獨(dú)特的偏振光學(xué)特性和壓電特性以及優(yōu)異的磁、熱性能而備受關(guān)注。對(duì)半導(dǎo)體納米材料制備條件的摸索,制備條件對(duì)納米材料結(jié)構(gòu)的影響的研究,以及對(duì)半導(dǎo)體納米材料結(jié)構(gòu)與性能之間關(guān)系的研究對(duì)于整個(gè)材料學(xué)領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展都有重要的意義。本論文主要開展了對(duì)硫化鋅制備的研究工作,采用水熱合成法,通過添加表面活性劑、摻雜等技術(shù),成功制備了不同形貌、結(jié)構(gòu)的硫化鋅微球。同時(shí),本論文研究了制備條件下制備的樣品的光學(xué)性能。初步闡釋了不同空心度的硫化鋅空心球的形成原因,不同空心度硫化鋅空心球?qū)ζ涔鈱W(xué)性能的影響機(jī)制,不同摻雜元素的硫化鋅的發(fā)光機(jī)制。具體工作如下:(1)采用水熱合成法,以谷胱甘肽(GSH)為硫源,以氯化鋅(ZnCl2)為鋅源,CTAB為表面活性劑,在比較溫和的條件下,實(shí)現(xiàn)了一步可控制備納米粒子組裝的單分散的六方相纖鋅礦硫化鋅微球,并研究了其光學(xué)性能。用此方法制備硫化鋅納米材料是因?yàn)樗闹苽錅囟鹊?易操控。本研究所采用的硫源為谷胱甘肽,比起其它硫源,谷胱甘肽無毒無污染,是一種綠色原料,用此原料制備的硫化鋅可以應(yīng)用在生物領(lǐng)域。本研究中用此方法合成的單分散的六方相纖鋅礦納米硫化鋅微球的直徑分布在500 nm-1 μm之間。通過調(diào)控乙二胺的含量和CTAB的添加與否,可以制備出熒光性能非常好的硫化鋅空心、由納米棒組成的微球。通過對(duì)硫化鋅微球發(fā)光性能的測(cè)試得出,在添加CTAB的條件下,當(dāng)乙二胺的濃度為5 ml時(shí),得到的空心球的熒光效果最好。本文通過CTAB和乙二胺調(diào)控反應(yīng)系統(tǒng),實(shí)現(xiàn)了六方纖鋅礦硫化鋅空心納米微球的可控制備,并通過優(yōu)化制備條件獲得了熒光性能最好的硫化鋅微球。(2)采用水熱法,以醋酸鋅、硝酸釓和硫脲作為原料,以PVP作為表面活性劑在相對(duì)低溫(150 ℃)的環(huán)境下得到單分散硫化鋅納米球。用此方法制備的納米球直徑約為40 nm。通過摻雜釓,使硫化鋅納米球的熒光性能發(fā)生變化,發(fā)現(xiàn):當(dāng)釓的摻雜濃度為2%時(shí),得到的硫化鋅納米球的熒光性能達(dá)到最優(yōu)值。與此同時(shí),研究表明,釓的摻雜并不會(huì)明顯影響硫化鋅納米球的形貌結(jié)構(gòu)和尺寸大小。由于在摻釓硫化鋅納米球表面上具有-NH2等官能團(tuán),使得摻釓硫化鋅納米球能夠結(jié)合具有特定結(jié)構(gòu)的生物大分子,為其在生物方面的應(yīng)用提供了條件。
[Abstract]:Since the late 1980, there has been an upsurge in the research of nanomaterials. The unique optical properties of nanomaterials have attracted many scientists. Semiconductor nanomaterials, especially cadmium sulphide, have attracted many scientists. As one of the most classical semiconductor materials in nanomaterials, zinc sulphide has attracted much attention for its unique polarizing and piezoelectric properties and excellent magnetic and thermal properties. Study on the effect of preparation conditions on the structure of nanomaterials, The research on the relationship between structure and properties of semiconductor nanomaterials is of great significance for the development of the whole field of materials. Zinc sulfide microspheres with different morphologies and structures were successfully prepared by adding surfactants and doping techniques. In this paper, the optical properties of the samples prepared under the preparation conditions were studied. The reasons for the formation of different hollow zinc sulfide hollow spheres and the influence mechanism of different hollow zinc sulfide hollow spheres on their optical properties were preliminarily explained. The luminescence mechanism of zinc sulfide with different doped elements is as follows: (1) by hydrothermal synthesis, using glutathione (GSH) as sulfur source, zinc chloride (ZnCl _ 2) as zinc source, CTAB as surfactant, under mild conditions, One-step controllable preparation of monodisperse hexagonal wurtzite zinc sulfide microspheres with one step controllable preparation was carried out, and their optical properties were studied. The preparation of zinc sulfide nanomaterials by this method is due to its low preparation temperature. The sulfur source used in this study is glutathione. Compared with other sulfur sources, glutathione is non-toxic and pollution-free and is a green raw material. Zinc sulphide prepared from this raw material can be used in biological field. In this study, the diameter distribution of monodisperse hexagonal wurtzite nanocrystalline zinc sulfide microspheres was in the range of 500 nm-1 渭 m. The content of ethylenediamine was controlled by controlling the content of ethylenediamine. And the addition of CTAB, Zinc sulphide hollow spheres with excellent fluorescence properties were prepared. The luminescent properties of zinc sulfide microspheres were measured by using nanorods. When the concentration of ethylenediamine was 5 ml, the luminescent properties of zinc sulfide microspheres were tested. In this paper, the controlled preparation of hexagonal wurtzite zinc sulfide hollow nanospheres was achieved by CTAB and ethylenediamine control reaction system. The best fluorescent properties of zinc sulfide microspheres were obtained by optimizing the preparation conditions. The hydrothermal method was used. Zinc acetate, gadolinium nitrate and thiourea were used as raw materials, and zinc nitrate, gadolinium nitrate and thiourea were used as raw materials. Monodisperse zinc sulfide nanospheres were prepared by using PVP as surfactant in a relatively low temperature of 150 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1549262