本文關(guān)鍵詞：堿金屬溴化物在多種酰胺與水混合溶劑中的相平衡研究　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 堿金屬溴化物 酰胺 相平衡 溶解度 密度 折光率

【摘要】：有機(jī)溶劑的加入通常會(huì)減小鹽在水溶液中的溶解度,以此方式進(jìn)行鹽的分離和純化,是傳統(tǒng)相化學(xué)研究的目標(biāo)。本文是對(duì)本課題組工作的延續(xù),選擇堿金屬溴化物+酰胺+水體系為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)堿金屬溴化物在混合溶劑中的平衡溶解度及飽和溶液密度和折光率的測定,可以為溶液化學(xué)提供基礎(chǔ)熱力學(xué)數(shù)據(jù),有望將其應(yīng)用于化學(xué)、化工和科研等領(lǐng)域。1.酰胺的選擇：從結(jié)構(gòu)和酰胺的性質(zhì)出發(fā),選擇了甲酰胺(FA),N-甲基甲酰胺(NMF), N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF),乙酰胺(MA),N-甲基乙酰胺(NMA), N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMA)和N,N-二乙基甲酰胺(DEF)共7種酰胺。2.系統(tǒng)地測定了堿金屬溴化物MBr (M=Na, K, Rb, Cs)+酰胺+水三元體系在T=(283.15,298.15,308.15,313.15,318.15)K下的等溫溶解度、密度和折光率。在實(shí)驗(yàn)溫度和全部酰胺與水不同比例范圍內(nèi),體系均為簡單的固-液相平衡。堿金屬鹽在混合溶劑中的溶解度隨著溫度的升高而增大,隨著混合溶劑中酰胺質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的增加而減��；密度的變化與溶解度呈現(xiàn)一致的趨勢,而折光率隨溫度和酰胺質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的變化呈現(xiàn)不同的變化趨勢。在此基礎(chǔ)上,探討了酰胺結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)體系物化性質(zhì)的影響。3.對(duì)體系的等溫溶解度、密度和折光率,使用四參數(shù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)方程進(jìn)行關(guān)聯(lián)。對(duì)等溫溶解度還采用了NRTL和UNIQUAC活度系數(shù)模型進(jìn)行了擬合。使用UNIQUAC模型計(jì)算了三元體系在實(shí)驗(yàn)溫度下的平均活度系數(shù)4.測定了以上體系在不同組成時(shí)的多溫溶解度(283.15-318.15 K)。對(duì)多溫溶解度采用Apelblat方程和λh方程進(jìn)行了擬合,計(jì)算了相關(guān)熱力學(xué)函數(shù),從熱力學(xué)的角度解釋了溶質(zhì)在混合溶劑中的溶解過程。
[Abstract]:The addition of organic solvent generally reduces the solubility of salt in aqueous solution, this way of salt separation and purification, the objective of the study is the traditional phase chemistry. This paper is a continuation of the work of our research group, choose water system alkali bromide + + amide as the research object, the equilibrium solubility of alkali metal bromides in mixed solvents and determination of saturated solution density and refractive index, can provide the basis of thermodynamic data for solution chemistry, is expected to be applied to Chemistry and chemical engineering and scientific research etc. field. The choice of 1. amide: starting from the properties of structure and amide, we selected formamide (FA), N- methylformamide (NMF), N, N- two, methyl formamide (DMF), acetamide (MA), N- methyl acetamide (NMA), N, N- two methyl acetamide (DMA), and 7 kinds of amides (two). 2. systematically determined the isothermal solubility, density and refractive index of alkali metal bromide MBr (M=Na, K, Rb, Cs) + amide + water three yuan system under T= (283.15298.15308.15313.15318.15) K. In the range of experimental temperature and total amides and water, the system is a simple solid - liquid equilibrium. The solubility of alkali metal salts in mixed solvents increases with the increase of temperature decreases with the increase of the amide content in mixed solvent; the solubility change and density showed a consistent trend, while the refractive index changes with temperature and mass fraction of the amide change trend of different presentation. On this basis, the effect of amide structure on the physicochemical properties of the system was discussed. 3. the isotherm solubility, density and refractive index of the system were correlated by using the four parameter empirical equation. The NRTL and UNIQUAC activity coefficient models were also used to fit the equivalent temperature solubility. The average activity coefficient was calculated using the UNIQUAC model of the three systems in the experimental temperature above 4. determination system in different composition of the multi solubility (283.15-318.15 K). The multi temperature solubility by using Apelblat equation and H equation were fitted, the thermodynamic function calculation, explain the dissolution process of solute in mixed solvents from the point of view of thermodynamics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：O642.42

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本文編號(hào)：1345830