本文選題：機(jī)載紅外預(yù)警　切入點(diǎn)：作用距離　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：機(jī)載紅外預(yù)警系統(tǒng)是一種用于自主探測、定位和跟蹤紅外目標(biāo)的設(shè)備。機(jī)載紅外預(yù)警系統(tǒng)具有被動(dòng)探測、隱蔽性好、抗電子干擾能力強(qiáng)、全天候工作等特點(diǎn),可用于搜索跟蹤地面、空中或海面目標(biāo),能夠?yàn)榻谭烙淦飨到y(tǒng)提供目標(biāo)信息,現(xiàn)已廣泛應(yīng)用于軍事領(lǐng)域。機(jī)載紅外預(yù)警系統(tǒng)必須有足夠大的作用距離才能保證敵機(jī)、導(dǎo)彈等來襲時(shí),能夠提前發(fā)現(xiàn)并做好防御措施。影響機(jī)載紅外預(yù)警系統(tǒng)探測能力的主要因素有:目標(biāo)和背景的紅外輻射特性、大氣對(duì)紅外輻射傳輸?shù)乃p、光學(xué)系統(tǒng)以及探測器的性能等。文中分析了飛機(jī)和坦克的紅外輻射特點(diǎn),以及天空、海洋和地面背景的輻射特性。利用MODTRAN軟件模擬了大氣對(duì)紅外輻射的吸收和散射情況以及不同條件下的大氣透過率情況,并發(fā)現(xiàn)一般情況下長波紅外的透過率優(yōu)于中波,中波紅外透過率受水汽影響大等特點(diǎn)。此外,還說明了SNR和NETD在波段選擇時(shí)的重要性,以及光學(xué)參數(shù)和探測器如何選擇。對(duì)于點(diǎn)目標(biāo)作用距離模型,綜合考慮成像彌散和路徑輻射的影響,建立了基于對(duì)比度的紅外預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的點(diǎn)目標(biāo)作用距離模型,并以人和飛機(jī)為目標(biāo)對(duì)比了模型計(jì)算結(jié)果和外場實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,對(duì)比結(jié)果表明模型具有一定的實(shí)用性。完善了面目標(biāo)作用距離模型——MRTD模型,并以坦克為目標(biāo),詳細(xì)介紹了面目標(biāo)作用距離的論證過程,并且論證結(jié)果和外場實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果具有一致性。最后,為了方便快捷的獲得大氣透過率、目標(biāo)和背景的輻射亮度、信噪比、噪聲等效溫差、最小可分辨溫差和作用距離等參數(shù),建立了基于MATLAB的較為完整的紅外預(yù)警系統(tǒng)作用距離估算系統(tǒng)。該計(jì)算作用距離的程序可以為紅外預(yù)警系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)和應(yīng)用以及其綜合性能的評(píng)價(jià)提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The airborne infrared early warning system is a kind of equipment used for autonomous detection, positioning and tracking of infrared targets. The airborne infrared early warning system has the characteristics of passive detection, good concealment, strong ability of resisting electronic interference, all-weather operation, and so on. Can be used to search and track ground, air or sea targets, can provide target information for short-range defense weapon systems, and is now widely used in military fields. Airborne infrared early warning systems must have sufficient operating distances to ensure enemy aircraft, The main factors that affect the detection ability of the airborne infrared early warning system are the infrared radiation characteristics of the target and background, the attenuation of infrared radiation transmission in the atmosphere, The infrared radiation characteristics of aircraft and tanks and the sky are analyzed. MODTRAN software is used to simulate the atmospheric absorption and scattering of infrared radiation and atmospheric transmittance under different conditions. It is found that the transmittance of long wave infrared is better than that of medium wave in general. In addition, the importance of SNR and NETD in the selection of waveband and how to select optical parameters and detectors are explained. Considering the influence of imaging dispersion and path radiation, a point-target range model of infrared early warning system based on contrast is established, and the results of model calculation and field experiment are compared with those of aircraft. The comparison results show that the model has some practicability. The MRTD model is perfected, and the demonstration process of the action distance of the surface target is introduced in detail, taking the tank as the target. Finally, in order to obtain the atmospheric transmittance, the radiance brightness of the target and the background, the SNR, the noise equivalent temperature difference, the minimum distinguishable temperature difference and the action distance, etc. A relatively complete infrared early warning system operating range estimation system based on MATLAB is established, which can provide a theoretical basis for the design and application of the infrared early warning system and the evaluation of its comprehensive performance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(長春光學(xué)精密機(jī)械與物理研究所)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：V271.4;TN219

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