本文選題：航空伽馬能譜　切入點(diǎn)：傅里葉變換　出處：《成都理工大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：航空伽馬能譜測(cè)量(Airborne Gamma-ray Spectrum Survey)是將航空伽馬能譜儀安裝在飛機(jī)或其他飛行器上,測(cè)量空中伽馬射線能譜,從而確定地表介質(zhì)中放射性元素鉀、鈾和釷含量。它不僅用于尋找放射性礦以及與放射性元素有關(guān)的鈾礦、鉀鹽、稀有元素和多金屬礦床。此外還用于巖性地質(zhì)填圖和輻射環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)等諸多領(lǐng)域。因其效率高、成本低、不受地形等因素限制而得到廣泛應(yīng)用。航空伽馬能譜測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)的后處理是航空伽馬能譜測(cè)量的常規(guī)性且非常重要的工作內(nèi)容,其中異常信息提取是航空伽馬能譜測(cè)量應(yīng)用的核心與熱點(diǎn)技術(shù)問題。常規(guī)的航空伽馬能譜異常信息提取沿用的是地球化學(xué)異常信息提取方法,該方法基于傳統(tǒng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的異常識(shí)別,其假設(shè)前提是數(shù)據(jù)必須服從正態(tài)分布或者對(duì)數(shù)正態(tài)分布,而這種完美的數(shù)據(jù)在實(shí)踐中是幾乎不可能出現(xiàn)的。而為保證所套用模型的準(zhǔn)確,就需要對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行剔除,并依次循環(huán)剔除直至無離群值。但剔除后原始數(shù)據(jù)已不完整,無法完整客觀還原所測(cè)區(qū)域的放射性地質(zhì)特征。此外,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法只依賴平均值、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差等統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)參數(shù)來評(píng)價(jià)航空伽馬能譜異常信息,而沒有考慮這些數(shù)據(jù)本身所具有的空間頻域?qū)傩院退鶖y帶的地球物理場(chǎng)特征�；谝陨蠋c(diǎn),本文提出了幾種以空間頻率域?yàn)V波和地球物理場(chǎng)分解為主要手段的航空伽馬能譜異常信息提取方法,開展了如下研究工作:一、運(yùn)用常規(guī)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法對(duì)測(cè)區(qū)的航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理,識(shí)別和提取異常信息,并進(jìn)行異常評(píng)價(jià)與分析;二、將信號(hào)處理中一維傅里葉變換方法引入航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)的后處理,從頻率域角度出發(fā),研究航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)功率譜密度特征和航空伽馬能譜背景和異常的空間傅里葉濾波分離技術(shù);三、探討基于不同小波基函數(shù)的航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)處理方法和小波逐級(jí)分解的數(shù)據(jù)壓縮技術(shù);構(gòu)建小波包殘差面重構(gòu)算法識(shí)別測(cè)區(qū)內(nèi)不同種類型金屬礦點(diǎn);四、利用多重分形理論研究航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)的多重分形特征,并根據(jù)其特征構(gòu)造基于頻域多重分形的航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)逐層濾波模型,建立相應(yīng)濾波方法以消除條帶狀異常;五、設(shè)計(jì)旨在分離和識(shí)別航空伽馬能譜弱異常的樣本熵矩陣算法,確定適用于航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)處理的最佳熵平均窗口寬度值。通過以上內(nèi)容的研究工作,對(duì)航空伽馬能譜的空間頻率域特征進(jìn)行解析,取得了如下研究成果:(1)在分析航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)特征的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用頻率統(tǒng)計(jì)、相關(guān)聚類分析和主成分分析等常規(guī)方法處理測(cè)區(qū)航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù),得到鈾異常面積7.11km2,占測(cè)區(qū)面積的22.97%,異常極差為20.76,襯度值為4.35,異常區(qū)域較好的反映測(cè)區(qū)內(nèi)花崗巖、沉積巖和砂巖等巖性分布,且與測(cè)區(qū)內(nèi)鉛鋅礦點(diǎn)伴生的放射性異常相對(duì)應(yīng),但無法消除測(cè)量誤差引起的條帶狀異常分布,為本論文提出的航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)處理與異常信息提取技術(shù)的應(yīng)用效果提供了比對(duì)依據(jù)。(2)基于一維傅里葉變換的功率譜密度與頻率分布特征,提出了航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)頻率域異常參數(shù)劃分方法和空間傅里葉濾波技術(shù):低于0.02Hz頻段內(nèi)功率累積量不隨頻率增大而變化,可認(rèn)為是穩(wěn)定地質(zhì)體在頻域上的響應(yīng),低通濾波提取的異常面積4.48km2,異常面積占比14.46%,異常極差25.91;0.02-0.15Hz頻段功率譜累積量隨頻率增加而降低,為鈾異常頻率分布特征,帶通濾波提取異常面積低至0.03km2,異常極差11.59,且位置與區(qū)內(nèi)鉛鋅礦點(diǎn)吻合;空間傅里葉濾波技術(shù)能有效校正條帶狀異常,在0.05Hz頻率下,異常面積占比下降至1.17%,異常極差為11.59,異常形態(tài)清晰。(3)創(chuàng)建了航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)小波殘差面的小波包重構(gòu)算法,利用殘差面小波重構(gòu)準(zhǔn)確識(shí)別出測(cè)區(qū)中鉛鋅礦和鐵礦;提出了基于Haar、Daubechies(dbN)、Bior雙正交等不同小波基和小波逐級(jí)分解的數(shù)據(jù)壓縮與處理方法,有效地提高數(shù)據(jù)處理效率,得出測(cè)區(qū)的異常面積占比分別為7.27%、6.67%和9.47%,異常極差分別為99.03、100.92和105.73,具有實(shí)用價(jià)值。(4)基于多重分形理論和航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)特征,提出并確定了空間域功率譜的分形間斷點(diǎn)及其左右兩側(cè)的顯著特征,得出間斷點(diǎn)左側(cè)功率譜不隨分形頻率增加而變化,間斷點(diǎn)右側(cè)斜率驟降至負(fù)值。利用這一特征,構(gòu)造了基于頻域多重分形的逐層濾波模型,建立了消除條帶狀假異常的中高頻帶通濾波方法,有效分離了測(cè)區(qū)的背景和異常。功率譜能量在低、中、高頻不同尺度的異常面積占比為13.64%、6.41%和1.55%,且具有良好的異常形態(tài)。(5)設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了分離航空伽馬能譜異常信息的樣本熵矩陣算法,構(gòu)建了空伽馬能譜鈾背景場(chǎng)的零元素平面和非零點(diǎn)位異常,提出了適用于航空伽馬能譜數(shù)據(jù)處理的最佳熵平均窗口寬度值n=30。圈定的異常區(qū)域與測(cè)區(qū)花崗巖分布一致,顯著提高了弱異常的提取能力。
[Abstract]:Airborne gamma ray spectrometry (Airborne Gamma-ray Spectrum Survey) is the aviation gamma spectrometer installed on the aircraft or other vehicles, measuring aerial gamma ray spectrum, so as to determine the radioactive elements in surface medium potassium, uranium and thorium content. It is used not only for radioactive ore and uranium, and radioactive elements potassium salt rare element and polymetallic deposit. In addition to lithology geological mapping and environmental radiation monitoring and other fields. Because of its high efficiency, low cost, is not limited by the topography and other factors and are widely used. The airborne gamma energy spectral data postprocessing is the content of the work of the conventional airborne gamma ray spectrometry and very important among them, the anomaly information extraction is the core of the problem and the hot technology of airborne gamma energy spectrum measurement applications. The airborne gamma energy spectrum of the conventional anomaly information extraction using the geochemical anomaly The information extraction method, anomaly identification based on traditional statistical method, the assumption is that the data must obey normal distribution or lognormal distribution, and the perfect data is almost impossible in practice. And in order to ensure the accurate and apply the model, we need to remove the original data, and in turn cycle until no outliers. But the rejection after excluding raw data has been incomplete, unable to complete the objective to restore the measured area of radioactive geology. In addition, the statistical method only depends on the average value, standard deviation and other statistical parameters to evaluate the airborne gamma spectral anomaly information, without considering the spatial frequency properties of the data itself is and with the characteristics of geophysical field. Based on the above points, this paper presents the spatial frequency domain filtering and geophysical field of several decomposition of airborne gamma energy spectrum as the main means of Often the information extraction method, carried out research work as follows: first, the use of conventional statistical methods of airborne gamma survey area can be processed spectral data, identifying and extracting anomaly information, and analysis and evaluation of anomalies; two, the signal processing in the one-dimensional Fourier transform method in airborne gamma ray spectrum data postprocessing, starting in view of the frequency domain, the research of airborne gamma ray spectrum data and power spectral density characteristics of airborne gamma spectral background and anomaly spatial Fourier filtering technology; three, to investigate the different wavelet functions of airborne gamma energy spectrum data processing method and wavelet decompose the data compression technology based on wavelet packet construction; residual surface reconstruction algorithm recognition test in the same type of metal mines; four, using multi fractal theory to study the multifractal characteristics of airborne gamma ray spectrum data, and according to the characteristics of structure based on frequency domain The airborne gamma multifractal spectrum data layer can filter model, establish the corresponding filtering method to eliminate the banded anomalies; five, is designed to isolate and identify airborne gamma spectrum sample entropy matrix algorithm for weak anomaly, determine suitable for airborne gamma spectrum data processing are the best entropy flat window width value according to the above research work. The content of the analysis of the spatial frequency domain characteristics of airborne gamma ray spectrum, the research results obtained as follows: (1) based on the analysis of airborne gamma spectral data features, using frequency statistics, Correlation Clustering Analysis and principal component analysis method of conventional test area processing of airborne gamma ray spectrometric data, obtained uranium anomaly the area of 7.11km2, accounting for 22.97% of the survey area, the abnormal range is 20.76, the contrast value is 4.35, the abnormal area reflected in the survey area of granite, sedimentary rocks and sandstone lithology, and the survey area lead-zinc ore The associated radioactive anomalies, but cannot eliminate the measurement errors caused by the banded abnormal distribution, provides a comparison basis for application of airborne gamma is proposed in this paper can extract technology of data processing and anomaly information. (2) the power spectrum of the one-dimensional Fu Liye transform spectral density and frequency distribution is proposed based on Airborne gamma ray the spectral data in frequency domain and space division method of abnormal parameters of Fu Liye filtering: less than 0.02Hz band power accumulation does not change with increasing frequency, can be considered as the response of stable geological body in the frequency domain, low pass filtering 4.48km2 anomaly area extraction, anomaly area accounted for 14.46%, abnormal range 25.91 0.02-0.15Hz band power spectrum accumulation; with the increase of frequency and reduce the amount of uranium, abnormal frequency distribution, band-pass filtering and extract abnormal area of low range 11.59 to 0.03km2, abnormal, and the location and area of lead and zinc Mine anastomosis; spatial Fourier filtering technology can effectively correct the banded anomalies, abnormal area at the frequency of 0.05Hz, the proportion dropped to 1.17%, abnormal range was 11.59, abnormal morphology is clear. (3) created the airborne gamma ray spectrum data of the residual wavelet wavelet packet reconstruction algorithm using wavelet reconstruction to accurately identify residual surface measurement of lead and zinc the ore and iron ore; proposed based on Haar, Daubechies, Bior (dbN) biorthogonal different wavelet and wavelet decompose the data compression and processing method, effectively improve the efficiency of data processing, the measured area of the abnormal area accounted for 7.27%, 6.67% and 9.47%, respectively, and the abnormal range 99.03100.92 105.73, it has practical value. (4) multi fractal theory and airborne gamma spectral data based on the characteristics, proposed and identified a significant feature of fractal spatial domain power spectrum between the two sides of the breakpoint, the discontinuous The left power spectrum with fractal frequency increases, the slope discontinuity points dropped to negative. Using this characteristic, structure layer filtering model in frequency domain based on multifractal, established to eliminate false anomaly in high frequency band band-pass filtering method, effective separation of the surveyed area and background power spectrum anomaly. In the low energy, high frequency, abnormal area of different scales accounted for 13.64%, 6.41% and 1.55%, and with abnormal morphology good. (5) the design and implementation of sample entropy matrix separation algorithm of airborne gamma spectrum anomaly information, constructs the zero elements of plane air gamma energy spectrum and non uranium background field zero abnormal, was proposed for the airborne gamma ray spectrum data processing window of optimal entropy average width value anomaly area n=30. delineation and measuring distribution of granite area increased significantly consistent, ability to extract weak anomaly.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：V248

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