【摘要】：支座作為橋梁工程中的重要構(gòu)件,其性能關(guān)系到橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的安全。近些年,支座的廣泛使用,出現(xiàn)了各種不同病害,比如橡膠老化現(xiàn)象和產(chǎn)品本身質(zhì)量問(wèn)題,除此之外還包括支座的設(shè)計(jì)、支座的選用與布置、支座的施工及安裝、在運(yùn)營(yíng)過(guò)程中支座的檢查以及維護(hù)等不合理導(dǎo)致的支座損傷。然而支座作為橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)重要組成部件,其損傷程度屬于隱蔽工程,很難對(duì)其進(jìn)行檢測(cè)判定損傷程度。因此,研究支座失效對(duì)橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的影響及失效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本文通過(guò)對(duì)支座病害的調(diào)研,總結(jié)出支座病害類型,繼而對(duì)支座劣化過(guò)程進(jìn)行分析以及各類病害進(jìn)行機(jī)理分析。為后續(xù)研究支座損傷提供理論依據(jù)。論文選取了20m簡(jiǎn)支T梁,用有限元模型模擬支座未發(fā)生剛度折減和剛度折損為0.8、0.6、0.4狀況下,對(duì)比分析了不同折減系數(shù)對(duì)橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的靜力和動(dòng)力效應(yīng)。以橡膠支座的豎向反力值、鋪裝層的縱向剪應(yīng)力、鋪裝層的橫向剪應(yīng)力、豎向位移、T梁的最大應(yīng)力為指標(biāo),對(duì)其效應(yīng)值進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析;同時(shí)選取了20m簡(jiǎn)支空心板梁和3×40m連續(xù)T梁,用有限元模型模擬部分支座完全失效對(duì)相鄰支座的影響,分析了不同橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)類型下,在恒載和活載不同狀況下,中支座失效和邊支座失效對(duì)相鄰支座的支反力影響。得出了部分支座完全失效不管對(duì)簡(jiǎn)支梁橋還是連續(xù)梁橋的支座反力影響都較大,支座反力值增大最大將近3倍,可能造成支座的壓潰病害。而且部分支座完全失效會(huì)對(duì)連續(xù)梁橋在墩頂處的負(fù)彎矩值也有較大的影響,帶來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)的不合理受力。論文通過(guò)分析實(shí)驗(yàn)室支座試驗(yàn)、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)加載試驗(yàn)實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合《鐵路橋隧建筑物劣化評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》和江蘇省地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《公路橋梁橡膠支座病害評(píng)定技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,提出了板式橡膠支座損傷等級(jí)評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:As an important component in bridge engineering, the performance of support is related to the safety of bridge structure. In recent years, with the wide use of bearings, there have been a variety of different diseases, such as rubber aging phenomenon and product quality problems. In addition, they also include the design of bearings, the selection and arrangement of supports, the construction and installation of supports. Support damage caused by unreasonable inspection and maintenance in the course of operation. However, as an important component of bridge structure, the damage degree of bearing belongs to hidden engineering, so it is difficult to detect and judge the damage degree. Therefore, the influence of bearing failure on bridge structure and failure standard are studied. In this paper, through the investigation of bearing diseases, the types of bearing diseases are summarized, and then the deterioration process of bearings and the mechanism of all kinds of diseases are analyzed. It provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent study of bearing damage. In this paper, the 20m simply supported T beam is selected, and the finite element model is used to simulate the static and dynamic effects of different reduction coefficients on the bridge structure under the condition that the stiffness reduction and stiffness loss are 0.8 and 0.6, 0.4 and 0.4, respectively. the static and dynamic effects of different reduction coefficients on the bridge structure are compared and analyzed. Taking the vertical reaction value of rubber bearing, longitudinal shear stress of pavement layer, transverse shear stress of pavement layer, vertical displacement and maximum stress of T beam as indexes, the effect values are compared and analyzed. At the same time, 20m simply supported hollow slab beam and 3 脳 40m continuous T beam are selected to simulate the influence of partial bearing failure on adjacent supports by finite element model, and the different bridge structure types are analyzed under different dead load and live load conditions. The influence of the failure of the middle support and the side support on the support force of the adjacent supports. It is concluded that the complete failure of some supports has a great influence on the support reaction force of simply supported beam bridge or continuous beam bridge, and the maximum increase of bearing reaction force is nearly three times, which may lead to the crushing disease of bearing. Moreover, the complete failure of some supports will also have a great influence on the negative bending moment of the continuous beam bridge at the top of the pier, which will lead to the unreasonable force of the structure. Based on the analysis of laboratory bearing test and field loading test data, combined with the Evaluation Standard of Railway Bridge and Tunnel structure deterioration and Jiangsu Province Local Standard of Highway Bridge Rubber bearing Disease Assessment Technical Standard, The evaluation standard of damage grade of plate rubber bearing is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U441

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