【摘要】：作為橋梁的下部結(jié)構(gòu),鋼筋混凝土橋墩起著支承上部結(jié)構(gòu)、傳遞荷載的作用。基于現(xiàn)行延性設(shè)計(jì)方法得到的橋墩在地震中通過自身的塑性變形來耗散能量,因此震后往往存在較大殘余變形而影響橋梁的正常使用,并給修復(fù)帶來困難。鑒于此,本文提出了一種“含外置耗能裝置的自定心混凝土橋墩”,橋墩在震后的殘余變形可以消除或大大減少,而損傷集中在易于更換的附加耗能件上,同時(shí)耐腐蝕材料的應(yīng)用提高了橋墩在氯離子環(huán)境下的耐久性。圍繞這一新型橋墩,本文先后展開了其構(gòu)造形式、力學(xué)行為的理論分析、低周反復(fù)加載試驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬研究以及地震作用下的易損性分析,完成的主要工作如下：(1)自定心混凝土橋墩的構(gòu)造形式研究。其中,鋼筋混凝土橋墩和承臺由工廠預(yù)制,在現(xiàn)場通過后張法無粘接預(yù)應(yīng)力筋進(jìn)行拼接。橋墩下部設(shè)有牛腿以固定耗能件,并可方便地進(jìn)行耗能件的拆卸和替換。當(dāng)橋墩所受傾覆彎矩超過墩柱-基礎(chǔ)接觸面的臨界張開彎矩時(shí),接觸面張開,在橋墩發(fā)生剛體轉(zhuǎn)動時(shí)耗能件出現(xiàn)塑性變形耗能；震后,墩柱-基礎(chǔ)接觸面在預(yù)應(yīng)力的作用下重新閉合。為避免橋墩轉(zhuǎn)動時(shí)混凝土的局部受壓破壞,橋墩底部預(yù)先埋置在套筒內(nèi)。套筒、預(yù)應(yīng)力筋和耗能件分別采用玻璃纖維管、玄武巖纖維棒和改性鋁棒提高其耐腐蝕性。(2)自定心混凝土橋墩力學(xué)行為的理論分析研究。針對橋墩的頂點(diǎn)側(cè)向力-側(cè)向位移關(guān)系,進(jìn)行了理論分析,分別基于精細(xì)模型和簡化模型,推導(dǎo)了結(jié)構(gòu)在各受力階段的變形、位移、抗側(cè)剛度以及等效粘滯阻尼系數(shù)的計(jì)算公式。理論分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果吻合較好,為自定心橋墩后續(xù)的設(shè)計(jì)提供了參考。(3)自定心混凝土橋墩的低周反復(fù)加載試驗(yàn)研究。設(shè)計(jì)了15組試驗(yàn),對自定心混凝土橋墩在循環(huán)荷載下的抗震性能進(jìn)行了研究。考察了預(yù)應(yīng)力大小、耗能件構(gòu)造、預(yù)應(yīng)力筋材料、有無GFRP套筒等因素對結(jié)構(gòu)抗側(cè)剛度、耗能能力和構(gòu)件損傷的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,本文提出的自定心橋墩具有震后自復(fù)位、主體結(jié)構(gòu)基本無損等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。(4)自定心混凝土橋墩的數(shù)值模擬。在理論分析和試驗(yàn)研究的基礎(chǔ)上,利用開源有限元軟件OpenSees對自定心混凝土橋墩的數(shù)值模擬方法進(jìn)行了研究,涉及墩柱-基礎(chǔ)接觸面的張開與閉合、預(yù)應(yīng)力筋提供的自定心及鋁棒耗能等。數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)吻合良好,表明了該數(shù)值模擬方法的有效性。(5)自定心混凝土橋墩的易損性分析。建立了一個鋼筋混凝土橋墩和自定心混凝土橋墩的有限元模型,進(jìn)行增量動力分析并考察結(jié)構(gòu)的彈塑性響應(yīng)和地震動強(qiáng)度之間的關(guān)系。由易損性曲線可知,以最大位移角作為抗震性能指標(biāo)時(shí),所設(shè)計(jì)的自定心橋墩的超越概率接近但稍高于鋼筋混凝土橋墩;而以殘余位移角為性能指標(biāo)時(shí),自定心橋墩的超越概率顯著小于鋼筋混凝土橋墩。
[Abstract]:As the substructure of the bridge, the reinforced concrete pier acts as the supporting superstructure to transfer the load. Based on the existing ductility design method, the piers dissipate energy through their own plastic deformation in earthquake, so there is often a large residual deformation after the earthquake, which affects the normal use of the bridge, and brings difficulties to repair. In view of this, a kind of self-centered concrete pier with external energy dissipation device is proposed in this paper. The residual deformation of the pier after the earthquake can be eliminated or greatly reduced, while the damage is concentrated on the additional energy dissipation parts which are easy to replace. At the same time, the application of anticorrosive material improves the durability of bridge piers in chloride environment. Around this new pier, this paper has carried out the structural form, the theoretical analysis of mechanical behavior, the low cycle repeated loading test, the numerical simulation study and the vulnerability analysis under earthquake action. The main works are as follows: (1) study on the structure of self-centered concrete pier. Among them, reinforced concrete piers and caps are prefabricated by the factory. The lower part of the pier is provided with a corbel to fix the energy consuming parts, and the disassembly and replacement of the energy consuming parts can be carried out conveniently. When the overturning moment of the pier exceeds the critical opening moment of the pier-foundation interface, the contact surface is open, and the energy dissipation part appears plastic deformation when the rigid body rotates on the pier. After the earthquake, the contact surface between pier and foundation was reclosed under the action of prestress. In order to avoid the local compressive failure of concrete when the pier rotates, the bottom of the pier is embedded in the sleeve. The sleeve, prestressed tendons and energy dissipation parts are respectively used glass fiber tube, basalt fiber rod and modified aluminum bar to improve their corrosion resistance. (2) theoretical analysis and study on mechanical behavior of self-centered concrete pier. According to the relationship between lateral force and lateral displacement of piers, the deformation and displacement of the structure in each stress stage are deduced based on fine model and simplified model, respectively. The formula of lateral stiffness and equivalent viscous damping coefficient. The theoretical analysis is in good agreement with the experimental results, which provides a reference for the subsequent design of self-centered concrete piers. (3) low cycle repeated loading test of self-centered concrete piers. Fifteen groups of tests were designed to study the seismic behavior of self-centered concrete pier under cyclic load. The effects of prestress size, energy dissipation structure, prestressed tendons and GFRP sleeve on the lateral stiffness, energy dissipation capacity and damage of the structure are investigated. The experimental results show that the self-centered pier presented in this paper has the advantages of self-reposition after earthquake and non-damage of the main structure. (4) numerical simulation of self-centered concrete pier. On the basis of theoretical analysis and experimental study, the numerical simulation method of self-centered concrete pier is studied by using open source finite element software OpenSees, which involves the opening and closing of pier-foundation interface. Self-centring provided by prestressed tendons and energy dissipation of aluminum bars and so on. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data, which shows the effectiveness of the numerical simulation method. (5) vulnerability analysis of self-centered concrete pier. A finite element model of reinforced concrete pier and self-centered concrete pier is established. The incremental dynamic analysis is carried out and the relationship between elastic-plastic response and ground motion strength of the structure is investigated. According to the vulnerability curve, when the maximum displacement angle is taken as the seismic performance index, the transcendental probability of the self-centered pier is close to, but slightly higher than that of the reinforced concrete pier. When the residual displacement angle is taken as the performance index, the surpassing probability of self-centered pier is significantly smaller than that of reinforced concrete pier.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U442.55

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