【摘要】：“如何降低物流費用,提高物流系統(tǒng)運作效率”這一問題早已不再只停留于理論研究層面轉(zhuǎn)而以一種更加迅速且直接的方式影響著人們的日常生活�！盎ヂ�(lián)網(wǎng)+”時代的到來、電子商務(wù)的快速崛起,“網(wǎng)購”與“虛擬經(jīng)濟(jì)”這些名詞已經(jīng)成為人們的一種消費與生活依賴。物流作為中間橋梁與紐帶,其效率與成本從未如此深刻的影響過我們。而隨著這一生活習(xí)慣的改變、伴隨世界貿(mào)易大發(fā)展的背景,帶來的同時還有對物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)這一基礎(chǔ)保障的巨大挑戰(zhàn)。我國政府開始提倡“物流大通道”的宏觀建設(shè)戰(zhàn)略,而相關(guān)企業(yè)則開始新一輪的網(wǎng)絡(luò)布局微觀重構(gòu),兩者都期待自上而下的打通物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)大通道,希望從根源上降低社會物流成本、提升物流效率。在這一歷史背景下,考慮我國社會物流的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,本文研究了一類特殊的軸輻式物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計問題——多樞紐通道軸輻式物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在該問題中,由于我國現(xiàn)階段階段性投資限制及國際物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)無法克服的地理因素制約的事實存在,網(wǎng)絡(luò)中樞紐節(jié)點間無法形成完全聯(lián)通的樞紐級別網(wǎng)絡(luò)。因此,本文考慮樞紐節(jié)點的選址必須形成一系列相互連接的通道網(wǎng)絡(luò),通過連接樞紐間高效的通道實現(xiàn)運輸成本或運輸時間的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。提出了一個純整數(shù)非線性規(guī)劃模型用來求解網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計中的樞紐選址及通道配置問題。在考慮所有樞紐網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)鍵節(jié)點處的物流作業(yè)時間消耗前提下,研究的目標(biāo)是最小化所有節(jié)點間總的加權(quán)運輸時間,同時考慮物流樞紐網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)總成本的預(yù)算約束,使其更加符合我國當(dāng)前的物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計現(xiàn)狀與需求。本文提出了混合精英遺傳算法(Hybrid Elitist Genetic Algorithm,HEGA)用以求解上述模型。該算法融合傳統(tǒng)遺傳算法的基本思想并引入精英保留策略,將模擬退火算法中的Metropolis接受準(zhǔn)則及粒子群算法中的更新規(guī)則引入遺傳操作,得到了一種兼具全局搜索能力、有效收斂性能、精確且穩(wěn)定的啟發(fā)式算法。通過比較LINGO與HEGA算法同等規(guī)模計算實驗的結(jié)果,得到了一致的計算結(jié)果以及HEGA算法穩(wěn)定理想的收斂曲線,證明了本文所提出的HEGA算法解決小規(guī)模問題的求解精度與收斂性,并展現(xiàn)了其超越精確算法的求解速度。中小規(guī)模及大規(guī)模標(biāo)準(zhǔn)算例的計算實驗則驗證了HEGA算法的求解效果,無論從收斂性、精確性還是穩(wěn)定性上HEGA算法在解決本文所提出的多樞紐通道軸輻式物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計問題中均有更為優(yōu)秀的表現(xiàn)。本文旨在通過以上研究提出一類符合時代發(fā)展需求的物流網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與設(shè)計方法。
[Abstract]:The problem of "how to reduce the cost of logistics and improve the efficiency of logistics system" is no longer confined to the theoretical research level, but affects people's daily life in a more rapid and direct way. With the advent of the "Internet" era, the rapid rise of e-commerce, the terms "online purchase" and "virtual economy" have become a kind of consumption and life dependence. Logistics as an intermediate bridge and link, its efficiency and cost have never so profoundly affected us. With the change of living habits and the background of the great development of world trade, there is also a huge challenge to the basic guarantee of logistics network. Our government began to advocate the macro-construction strategy of "big logistics channel", while the related enterprises began a new round of micro-reconstruction of network layout. Both of them look forward to opening up the large logistics network channels from top to bottom. I hope to reduce the cost of social logistics and improve the efficiency of logistics. Under this historical background, considering the present situation of the development of social logistics in China, this paper studies a special kind of axle-spoke logistics network design problem, that is, multi-hub channel axis-spoke logistics network. In this problem, due to the limitation of investment and the fact that the international logistics network can not be overcome by geographical factors at present, the hub level network with complete connectivity can not be formed between the hub nodes in the network. Therefore, in this paper, a series of interconnected channel networks must be formed for the location of hub nodes, which can realize the economies of scale of transportation cost or transport time by connecting efficient channels between hubs. A pure integer nonlinear programming model is proposed to solve the problem of hub location and channel configuration in network design. The objective of the study is to minimize the total weighted transportation time between all the nodes and to consider the budget constraints of the total cost of the construction of the logistics hub network, taking into account the time consumption of logistics operations at the key nodes of the hub network, and the objective of the study is to minimize the total weighted transportation time between all the nodes. Make it more in line with our current logistics network design status and demand. In this paper, a hybrid elite genetic algorithm (Hybrid Elitist Genetic Algorithm,HEGA) is proposed to solve the above model. This algorithm combines the basic idea of traditional genetic algorithm and elite reservation strategy, and introduces the Metropolis acceptance criterion and the update rule of particle swarm optimization algorithm into genetic operation, and obtains a global search ability. Efficient convergence, accurate and stable heuristic algorithm. By comparing the experimental results of LINGO and HEGA algorithm in the same scale calculation, the consistent calculation results and the stable and ideal convergence curve of HEGA algorithm are obtained. The accuracy and convergence of the HEGA algorithm proposed in this paper for solving small scale problems are proved. It also shows the speed of solving the problem beyond the exact algorithm. The calculation results of small and medium scale and large scale standard examples verify the effectiveness of the HEGA algorithm, regardless of its convergence. In terms of accuracy and stability, the HEGA algorithm has a better performance in solving the multi-hub channel axis-spoke logistics network design problem proposed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to put forward a class of logistics network planning and design methods that meet the needs of the times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F259.2;U115

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