基于元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)的城市車輛換道模型仿真研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-07 16:46
【摘要】：隨著汽車保有量的與日俱增，城市道路交通中由車輛換道引起的交通事故日趨增加，在一定程度上造成了交通擁堵，大大降低了道路行駛安全性。在復(fù)雜的城市交通路況下，駕駛員為追求更快的速度，在行駛過程中經(jīng)常會(huì)采取換道行為。因此，有必要對(duì)我國城市道路交通中有關(guān)車輛換道行為進(jìn)行研究，從而尋找有效措施避免交通事故的發(fā)生。 本文以車輛換道行為分析和元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)基本理論為基礎(chǔ)，通過觀察實(shí)際雙向四車道上車輛換道情況和運(yùn)行環(huán)境，建立城市交通流中雙向四車道車輛換道模型和基于駕駛員駕駛行為的雙向四車道車輛換道模型。通過MATLAB軟件中M文件編程仿真，得到不同條件下車輛換道對(duì)交通流不同的影響度。本文具體內(nèi)容如下： 第一章主要介紹論文的研究背景和目的意義，分析和總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外有關(guān)車輛換道行為和元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)基本理論在換道模型中應(yīng)用的研究現(xiàn)狀，確定了本論文的框架安排。 第二章詳細(xì)闡述車輛換道行為和元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)基本理論。總結(jié)了車輛換道的定義、分類以及每種換道方式的主要特點(diǎn)，并分析影響車輛換道的主要因素。同時(shí)介紹了元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)的定義、基本組成、基本結(jié)構(gòu)、特征以及在交通流領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用，并將車輛換道的影響因素和元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)基本理論相結(jié)合，為三、四章?lián)Q道模型的建立提供理論依據(jù)。 第三章建立了城市交通流雙車道元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)換道模型。雙車道是城市道路交通中一種主要存在形式，通過實(shí)地考察雙向四車道上車輛換道情況和周圍交通環(huán)境，確定元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)模型的各個(gè)參數(shù)和演化規(guī)則，設(shè)置元胞邊界、鄰居模型以及路段上行駛車輛的類型、速度等條件，建立更貼近于實(shí)際雙車道道路的元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)換道模型�；诮�(jīng)典NS模型將交通信號(hào)周期、公交車等因素加入改進(jìn)換道模型，改變傳統(tǒng)模型中簡單的加減速規(guī)則，采用的“速度確定兩步法”提高了仿真系統(tǒng)中車輛速度演化的準(zhǔn)確性、時(shí)效性，使模型更加完善。利用MATLAB軟件仿真，獲得各個(gè)影響因素對(duì)車輛換道以及整個(gè)交通流的影響，同時(shí)驗(yàn)證了模型的準(zhǔn)確性。 第四章重點(diǎn)介紹了基于駕駛員駕駛行為的城市雙車道元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)換道模型。該模型將不同駕駛員分為5個(gè)類型，即保守型（con）、謹(jǐn)慎型（cau）、常規(guī)型（gen）、激進(jìn)型（agg）、冒險(xiǎn)型（adv）。根據(jù)不同類型駕駛員的駕駛習(xí)慣和應(yīng)變能力的差異，分別建立城市車輛雙車道元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)換道模型，，通過換道模型仿真，得出不同駕駛員換道行為對(duì)交通流影響的差異度。此外，針對(duì)冒險(xiǎn)型和激進(jìn)型駕駛員所引起的違章?lián)Q道行為，本文對(duì)其進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)分析，并以案例說明，驗(yàn)證了換道行為對(duì)于整個(gè)交通流安全的重要性。 第五章總結(jié)了全文主要研究內(nèi)容及得出的結(jié)論，同時(shí)針對(duì)模型的局限性以及缺陷，提出了有待解決的問題。
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of vehicles, the traffic accidents caused by the change of vehicles in urban road traffic are increasing day by day, resulting in traffic congestion to a certain extent and greatly reducing the safety of road driving. In complex urban traffic conditions, drivers often change lanes in order to achieve faster speed. Therefore, it is necessary to study the vehicle changing behavior in urban road traffic in China, so as to find effective measures to avoid traffic accidents. Based on the analysis of vehicle changing behavior and the basic theory of cellular automata, this paper observes the situation and running environment of the actual two-way four-lane vehicle change. The bidirectional four-lane vehicle changing model and the bidirectional four-lane vehicle changing model based on driver's driving behavior are established in urban traffic flow. Through programming simulation of M file in MATLAB software, different influence degree of traffic flow is obtained under different conditions. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter mainly introduces the research background and purpose significance of the thesis, and analyzes and summarizes the current research situation of the application of the basic theory of the vehicle change behavior and cellular automata in the change of track model at home and abroad. The frame arrangement of this paper is determined. In the second chapter, the basic theory of vehicle changing and cellular automata is described in detail. In this paper, the definition, classification and main characteristics of each type of vehicle change are summarized, and the main factors influencing the change of vehicle are analyzed. At the same time, the definition, basic composition, basic structure, characteristics and application in the field of traffic flow of cellular automata are introduced. Chapter four provides the theoretical basis for the establishment of the changing channel model. In chapter 3, the model of two-lane cellular automata for urban traffic flow is established. Two-lane is one of the main existing forms of urban road traffic. The parameters and evolution rules of the cellular automata model are determined and the cellular boundaries are set up by investigating the changing situation of vehicles on the two-way four-lane and the surrounding traffic environment on the spot. The neighbor model and the conditions of the type and speed of the vehicle driving on the road section are used to establish the cellular automata change model which is closer to the actual two-lane road. Based on the classical NS model, the traffic signal cycle, bus and other factors are added to the improved change model, and the simple acceleration and deceleration rules in the traditional model are changed. The speed determination two-step method is adopted to improve the accuracy of the vehicle speed evolution in the simulation system. Timeliness, make the model more perfect. By using MATLAB software simulation, the influence of various factors on the change of the vehicle and the whole traffic flow is obtained, and the accuracy of the model is verified at the same time. In chapter 4, the urban dual-lane cellular automata model based on driver's driving behavior is introduced. The model divides different drivers into five types: conservative (con), cautious (cau), conventional (gen), radical (agg), adventurous (adv). According to the difference of driving habit and strain ability of different drivers, two lane cellular automata (Cellular automata) change lane model of urban vehicles is established, and the difference of the influence of different drivers' changing behavior on traffic flow is obtained through the simulation of changing lane model. In addition, in view of the risky and aggressive drivers caused by illegal traffic change behavior, this paper focuses on its analysis, and with a case study, verify the importance of the traffic flow safety behavior for the whole traffic flow. The fifth chapter summarizes the main research contents and conclusions, and puts forward the problems to be solved in view of the limitations and defects of the model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491
本文編號(hào)：2403892
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of vehicles, the traffic accidents caused by the change of vehicles in urban road traffic are increasing day by day, resulting in traffic congestion to a certain extent and greatly reducing the safety of road driving. In complex urban traffic conditions, drivers often change lanes in order to achieve faster speed. Therefore, it is necessary to study the vehicle changing behavior in urban road traffic in China, so as to find effective measures to avoid traffic accidents. Based on the analysis of vehicle changing behavior and the basic theory of cellular automata, this paper observes the situation and running environment of the actual two-way four-lane vehicle change. The bidirectional four-lane vehicle changing model and the bidirectional four-lane vehicle changing model based on driver's driving behavior are established in urban traffic flow. Through programming simulation of M file in MATLAB software, different influence degree of traffic flow is obtained under different conditions. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first chapter mainly introduces the research background and purpose significance of the thesis, and analyzes and summarizes the current research situation of the application of the basic theory of the vehicle change behavior and cellular automata in the change of track model at home and abroad. The frame arrangement of this paper is determined. In the second chapter, the basic theory of vehicle changing and cellular automata is described in detail. In this paper, the definition, classification and main characteristics of each type of vehicle change are summarized, and the main factors influencing the change of vehicle are analyzed. At the same time, the definition, basic composition, basic structure, characteristics and application in the field of traffic flow of cellular automata are introduced. Chapter four provides the theoretical basis for the establishment of the changing channel model. In chapter 3, the model of two-lane cellular automata for urban traffic flow is established. Two-lane is one of the main existing forms of urban road traffic. The parameters and evolution rules of the cellular automata model are determined and the cellular boundaries are set up by investigating the changing situation of vehicles on the two-way four-lane and the surrounding traffic environment on the spot. The neighbor model and the conditions of the type and speed of the vehicle driving on the road section are used to establish the cellular automata change model which is closer to the actual two-lane road. Based on the classical NS model, the traffic signal cycle, bus and other factors are added to the improved change model, and the simple acceleration and deceleration rules in the traditional model are changed. The speed determination two-step method is adopted to improve the accuracy of the vehicle speed evolution in the simulation system. Timeliness, make the model more perfect. By using MATLAB software simulation, the influence of various factors on the change of the vehicle and the whole traffic flow is obtained, and the accuracy of the model is verified at the same time. In chapter 4, the urban dual-lane cellular automata model based on driver's driving behavior is introduced. The model divides different drivers into five types: conservative (con), cautious (cau), conventional (gen), radical (agg), adventurous (adv). According to the difference of driving habit and strain ability of different drivers, two lane cellular automata (Cellular automata) change lane model of urban vehicles is established, and the difference of the influence of different drivers' changing behavior on traffic flow is obtained through the simulation of changing lane model. In addition, in view of the risky and aggressive drivers caused by illegal traffic change behavior, this paper focuses on its analysis, and with a case study, verify the importance of the traffic flow safety behavior for the whole traffic flow. The fifth chapter summarizes the main research contents and conclusions, and puts forward the problems to be solved in view of the limitations and defects of the model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491
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