【摘要】：裝載加固工作是公路大件運輸?shù)幕A(chǔ),是運輸過程的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),與大件運輸?shù)陌踩韵⑾⑾嚓P(guān)。目前在生產(chǎn)實踐中,還存在著裝載方式不合理,裝載位置不正確;綁扎強度依靠經(jīng)驗的情形,文中以裝載加固難度較大的大型圓柱體物件出發(fā),研制出了一套針對該類物件裝載加固的程式化方法。(1)運輸裝載首先要考慮運輸車輛選配問題。根據(jù)路勘結(jié)果,參照汽車的行駛方程,確定車輛最大牽引力,進而遴選合適的牽引車;根據(jù)貨物的外形尺寸及路面、車板的承載能力,確定相應(yīng)的掛車。(2)根據(jù)材料力學(xué)和結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)基本原理,建立大型圓柱體物件裝載的基本力學(xué)模型,以車板變形量和最大允許彎矩為主要考察指標(biāo),確定裝載的重心位置和支點數(shù)目,確定恰當(dāng)?shù)难b載位置。(3)吊裝、自裝和滑移裝車是公路大件運輸最常用的三種裝載方式。論文分析了每種裝載方式的使用條件、操作方式和適用范圍,并給出了不同裝載方式的選型驗算。通過合適的裝載方式將大型圓柱體物件裝載于恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?并結(jié)合具體實例建立了雙吊機抬吊的三維模型。(4)根據(jù)機械加工工藝及彈塑性相關(guān)理論確立了運輸件的六自由度捆綁加固準(zhǔn)則;結(jié)合大型圓柱體運輸件的特點及常用捆綁加固工具的使用條件制定了“圍捆”與“八字捆”相結(jié)合的捆綁加固方案;依據(jù)車輛和運輸件的實際尺寸作了必要的簡化處理,并運用SolidWorks軟件建立了捆綁加固的三維幾何模型;分析運行過程中車輛、鞍座、運輸件可能產(chǎn)生的各種慣性力及相應(yīng)的失效方式,校核了捆綁加固工具件應(yīng)具備的最低強度,選取了捆綁加固工具件的具體型號。(5)通過比較強度校核結(jié)果可知:車輛在緊急制動時,易造成物件的縱向滑動失效,據(jù)此得到圍捆用鋼絲繩的選取公式;車輛以較高車速通過彎道時,易造成鞍座的橫向傾覆失效,據(jù)此得到八字捆用鋼絲繩的選取公式。在兩種失效方式中,縱向滑動的可能性更大。
[Abstract]:Loading and strengthening work is the basis of highway transportation and the key link of transportation process, which is closely related to the safety of large part transportation. At present, there are some unreasonable loading methods and incorrect loading positions in production practice. The binding strength depends on the experience. In this paper, the large cylindrical objects which are more difficult to be strengthened are used as the starting point. A set of formulaic methods for loading and strengthening of this kind of objects is developed. (1) the problem of vehicle matching should be considered in the first step of transportation loading. According to the results of road exploration, the maximum traction force of the vehicle is determined according to the driving equation of the vehicle, and then the suitable tractor is selected. According to the shape size of the goods and the bearing capacity of the pavement and the plate, the corresponding trailers are determined. (2) according to the basic principles of material mechanics and structural mechanics, the basic mechanical model of loading large cylindrical objects is established. Taking the deformation and the maximum allowable bending moment of the vehicle plate as the main inspection index, the center of gravity and the number of fulcrum of loading are determined, and the proper loading position is determined. (3) hoisting, self-loading and slip loading are the three most commonly used loading methods for highway heavy goods transportation. This paper analyzes the use conditions, operation modes and applicable scope of each loading mode, and gives the selection and checking calculation of different loading modes. Loading large cylindrical objects in the right place through proper loading, The three-dimensional model of lifting hoist of double crane is established with concrete examples. (4) according to machining technology and elastic-plastic theory, the six degree of freedom binding and strengthening criterion of transport parts is established. Combined with the characteristics of large cylindrical transport parts and the use conditions of commonly used binding and strengthening tools, a binding and strengthening scheme combining "girdle" and "eight-character bundle" was developed. According to the actual size of the vehicle and the transport parts, the necessary simplified treatment is made, and the 3D geometric model of binding and strengthening is established by using SolidWorks software. By analyzing various inertia forces and corresponding failure modes of vehicles, saddles and transporters during operation, the minimum strength of binding and strengthening tools is checked. The specific model of the binding and strengthening tools is selected. (5) by comparing the results of strength checking, it can be seen that the longitudinal sliding failure of the object is easy to be caused when the vehicle is under emergency braking, and the selection formula of the wire rope for the girdle is obtained. When the vehicle passes through the bend at a higher speed, the lateral overturning failure of the saddle is easily caused, and the selection formula of the steel wire rope for the eight-character bundle is obtained. Of the two failure modes, longitudinal sliding is more likely.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U492.336.5

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