【摘要】：近年來,隨著高速公路的發(fā)展,鐵路的提速,對道路的線形要求日益提高,沿線不免跨越深溝峽谷。由于峽谷的地形條件,以上承式拱橋方案較為合理。然而,對于水資源豐富的地區(qū)而言,峽谷又是水利工程建設(shè)多選地形。從實現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟效益的角度而言,線路爬坡高度不宜太高,設(shè)計標(biāo)高的降低導(dǎo)致拱圈多半會為庫水所淹。雖然水體與空氣同屬于流體,但在具體的某些特性上仍有不同,本論文基于此對庫區(qū)大跨度上承式拱橋展開分析研究:首先,針對庫區(qū)大跨度上承式拱橋有別于其他拱橋的環(huán)境特征,確定該類拱橋在動靜力分析時有別于其他拱橋的主要影響要素。大跨度上承式拱橋水下部分結(jié)構(gòu)會受到水體的影響。在正常水環(huán)境下,流水對結(jié)構(gòu)的作用主要在于側(cè)向流水壓力和豎向水浮力。在地震作用下,結(jié)構(gòu)會產(chǎn)生變形、振動,同時導(dǎo)致水體振動,使水體通過動水壓力的形式反作用于結(jié)構(gòu),從而在結(jié)構(gòu)與水體之間形成作用與反作用并貫穿地震作用始終,因此流固耦合是地震作用下的主要影響因素。其次,對流體的基本特性進(jìn)行了研究,得到了水下拱圈部分的流水壓力、水浮力計算公式。對現(xiàn)有流固耦合的計算理論進(jìn)行了研究,探尋適合水下拱圈結(jié)構(gòu)的流固耦合計算方法。再次,對拱結(jié)構(gòu)的有限元理論進(jìn)行了研究探討。雖然曲梁單元更適用于解拱的荷載效應(yīng)、自由振動和強迫振動,但由于其復(fù)雜性,工程上的有限元仍更多的采用以直代曲的方法來求解拱結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)。最后,根據(jù)工程實例,建立大跨度上承式拱橋的空間有限元模型,考慮靜力分析時的兩個主要影響因素—流水壓力和水浮力的作用,分析兩個主要影響因素對拱圈內(nèi)力的影響程度及影響規(guī)律,探討流水速度影響下,能否忽略流水壓力的影響,將庫水視為靜水,探討在低烈度地震設(shè)防區(qū),靜水環(huán)境下拱圈可能被淹沒的高度;研究考慮流固耦合作用后,拱圈淹沒深度對拱橋自振特性的影響規(guī)律以及此時地震作用下,拱圈淹沒深度對拱圈內(nèi)力影響程度及影響規(guī)律,探討在高烈度地震設(shè)防區(qū),拱圈所能承受的淹沒高度。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the development of freeway and the increase of railway speed, the demand for road alignment is increasing day by day, so it is inevitable to cross deep gully canyons along the line. Because of the terrain condition of the canyon, the scheme of the above arch bridge is reasonable. However, for water rich areas, canyons are a multi-choice terrain for water conservancy projects. From the point of view of realizing economic benefit, the climbing height of the line should not be too high, and the decrease of the design elevation will cause the arch ring to be flooded by the reservoir water. Although the water and air are both fluid, there are still some differences in some specific characteristics. Based on this, this paper carries out an analysis and research on the large-span arch bridge in the reservoir area: first of all, In view of the environmental characteristics of long-span overbearing arch bridges different from other arch bridges in the reservoir area, it is determined that the main influencing factors of this kind of arch bridges are different from other arch bridges in dynamic and dynamic analysis. The underwater structure of long span overbearing arch bridge will be affected by water. In normal water environment, the effect of flowing water on the structure mainly lies in the lateral flow pressure and vertical water buoyancy. Under the action of earthquake, the structure will deform and vibrate, and at the same time, it will cause the water body to vibrate, so that the water body will react on the structure through the form of dynamic water pressure, thus forming the action and reaction between the structure and the water body and running through the earthquake action all the time. Therefore, fluid-solid coupling is the main influencing factor under earthquake. Secondly, the basic characteristics of the fluid are studied, and the calculation formulas of the flowing water pressure and the water buoyancy of the underwater arch ring are obtained. In this paper, the calculation theory of fluid-solid coupling is studied, and the fluid-structure coupling calculation method suitable for underwater arch ring structure is explored. Thirdly, the finite element theory of arch structure is studied. Although the curved beam element is more suitable for the load effect, free vibration and forced vibration of the arch, but because of its complexity, the engineering finite element method is more often used to solve the arch structure effect. Finally, according to the engineering example, the spatial finite element model of long-span overbearing arch bridge is established, and two main influencing factors in static analysis are considered, which are the effect of flowing water pressure and water buoyancy. This paper analyzes the influence degree and law of two main influencing factors on the internal force of arch ring, discusses whether the influence of flowing water pressure can be ignored under the influence of flowing water velocity, regards reservoir water as static water, and probes into the fortification area of low intensity earthquake. The height at which the arch can be submerged in a still water environment; After considering the fluid-solid coupling, the influence of the submergence depth of the arch ring on the natural vibration characteristics of the arch bridge and the degree and law of the influence of the submergence depth of the arch ring on the internal force of the arch ring under the action of the earthquake at this time are studied, and the fortification area of the high intensity earthquake is discussed. The height at which the arch can withstand the inundation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長沙理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U441;U448.22

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