【摘要】：城市交通擁堵加劇導(dǎo)致了城市交通運(yùn)行效率的低下,降低了社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力,成為制約我國城市發(fā)展的重要因素之一。智能交通系統(tǒng)(ITS)作為改善城市交通擁堵提高交通運(yùn)行效率的手法之一,日漸受到各國的關(guān)注。車輛檢測(cè)技術(shù)作為智能交通系統(tǒng)中重要的組成部分,通過它準(zhǔn)確實(shí)的獲取實(shí)時(shí)基礎(chǔ)交通信息,為ITS提供必要的數(shù)據(jù)來源,進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)交通的實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)控和智能管理�；诖抛鑲鞲衅鞯能囕v檢測(cè)器具有體積小、靈敏度高、易安裝等特點(diǎn),很好的彌補(bǔ)了傳統(tǒng)檢測(cè)器的不足。同時(shí),城市網(wǎng)絡(luò)的日益復(fù)雜,大多交通指揮設(shè)備沒有與監(jiān)控中心聯(lián)網(wǎng),對(duì)現(xiàn)有設(shè)備進(jìn)行網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的升級(jí)勢(shì)在必行,為車輛檢測(cè)技術(shù)的發(fā)展提供了新的方向。本論文的研究內(nèi)容和成果包括以下幾個(gè)方面:1、本文著重研究了智能交通系統(tǒng)中的車輛檢測(cè)技術(shù)以及交通監(jiān)控設(shè)備網(wǎng)絡(luò)化升級(jí)方法,設(shè)計(jì)了基于磁阻傳感器的新型車輛檢測(cè)器以及基于STM32F407的智能網(wǎng)關(guān)。在節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)據(jù)采集方面,設(shè)計(jì)了基于ZigBee無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)的交通數(shù)據(jù)采集優(yōu)化模型和算法,實(shí)現(xiàn)了車流量、車速、車型分類等交通數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時(shí)判別。無線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)無需布線、組網(wǎng)靈活可大規(guī)模部署。2、綜合研究分析了國內(nèi)外交通監(jiān)控設(shè)備聯(lián)接網(wǎng)絡(luò)的方法,設(shè)計(jì)了一款基于STM32F407的智能網(wǎng)關(guān)模塊。同時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)了協(xié)調(diào)器與智能網(wǎng)關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸協(xié)議,協(xié)議中主要包含主機(jī)ID、節(jié)點(diǎn)ID、系統(tǒng)時(shí)間、車流量等信息,網(wǎng)關(guān)接收到的數(shù)據(jù)以txt格式保存到SD卡中。該網(wǎng)關(guān)模塊具有低功耗、高性能、低成本易于開發(fā)使用等優(yōu)勢(shì),實(shí)現(xiàn)了交通數(shù)據(jù)的上傳、存儲(chǔ)、WEB訪問等功能,達(dá)到了車輛檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的目標(biāo)。3、對(duì)無線地磁傳感節(jié)點(diǎn)以及智能網(wǎng)關(guān)模塊進(jìn)行了整體的軟硬件設(shè)計(jì)。利用車輛檢測(cè)器采集車輛通過檢測(cè)區(qū)域時(shí)的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),深入分析了車輛檢測(cè)信號(hào),并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了基于自適應(yīng)閾值的均方差車輛檢測(cè)算法,通過分析處理實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),本文設(shè)計(jì)的車輛檢測(cè)算法檢測(cè)精度達(dá)到了99.4%。對(duì)于速度檢測(cè),通過采用雙節(jié)點(diǎn)測(cè)速的方法,檢測(cè)精度可達(dá)90%。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明本文設(shè)計(jì)的算法檢測(cè)精度高,漏檢、誤檢率低,能夠及時(shí)準(zhǔn)確的檢測(cè)路口車輛信息,為路口紅綠燈的動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)節(jié)提供了及時(shí)高效的車流量數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The aggravation of urban traffic congestion leads to the low efficiency of urban traffic operation, reduces the social productivity, and becomes one of the important factors restricting the urban development of our country. Intelligent Transportation system (ITS), as one of the methods to improve traffic congestion and improve traffic efficiency, has been paid more and more attention by many countries. As an important part of intelligent transportation system, vehicle detection technology can obtain real-time traffic information accurately and provide the necessary data source for ITS, so as to realize real-time traffic monitoring and intelligent management. The vehicle detector based on the magnetoresistive sensor has the advantages of small size, high sensitivity and easy installation, which makes up for the deficiency of the traditional detector. At the same time, with the increasing complexity of the urban network, most of the traffic command equipment is not connected with the monitoring center. It is imperative to upgrade the existing equipment network, which provides a new direction for the development of vehicle detection technology. The research contents and achievements of this paper include the following aspects: 1. This paper focuses on the vehicle detection technology in intelligent transportation system and the network upgrade method of traffic monitoring equipment. A new vehicle detector based on magnetoresistive sensor and an intelligent gateway based on STM32F407 are designed. In the aspect of node data acquisition, the traffic data acquisition optimization model and algorithm based on ZigBee wireless sensor network are designed, and the real-time identification of traffic data such as vehicle flow, speed and vehicle classification is realized. Wireless sensor networks need not be wired and can be deployed on a large scale flexibly. 2. The method of connecting domestic and foreign traffic monitoring equipment is studied and analyzed, and an intelligent gateway module based on STM32F407 is designed. At the same time, the data transfer protocol between the coordinator and the intelligent gateway is designed. The protocol mainly includes the information of the host ID, node ID, system time, traffic flow and so on. The data received by the gateway is saved to the SD card in txt format. The gateway module has the advantages of low power consumption, high performance, low cost and easy to develop and use. It realizes the functions of traffic data upload, storage and WEB access, and achieves the goal of networking vehicle detection system. The hardware and software of the wireless geomagnetic sensor node and the intelligent gateway module are designed. The vehicle detection signal is deeply analyzed by using vehicle detector to collect the experimental data of vehicle passing through the detection area. On this basis, an adaptive threshold based mean square error vehicle detection algorithm is proposed, and the experimental data are analyzed and processed. The detection accuracy of the vehicle detection algorithm designed in this paper reaches 99.4%. For velocity detection, the accuracy can reach 90 by adopting the method of two-node velocity measurement. The experimental results show that the algorithm designed in this paper has the advantages of high detection accuracy, missing detection and low false detection rate. It can detect the traffic information of intersection in time and accurately, and provide timely and efficient traffic flow data for the dynamic regulation of traffic lights.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：合肥工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491.11

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