【摘要】：隨著機(jī)動(dòng)車(chē)保有量的不斷增加,交通擁擠儼然已經(jīng)成為影響城市功能正常發(fā)揮和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一個(gè)全局性問(wèn)題。智能交通被公認(rèn)為是有效緩解交通擁堵的最佳途徑,伴隨著傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)、信息物理融合系統(tǒng)、云計(jì)算、大數(shù)據(jù)等先進(jìn)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,智能交通信息服務(wù)模式有了新的變化,這使交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的完全控制成為可能。現(xiàn)在關(guān)于交通信息供給模式的研究還是基于粗略、不完整控制的路網(wǎng)條件,與實(shí)際應(yīng)用環(huán)境有差異。在受控路網(wǎng)條件下,為達(dá)到完全控制效果,交通信息的供給模式應(yīng)首先支持準(zhǔn)確的交通狀態(tài)描述。故而本文旨在建立基于交通狀態(tài)描述的信息模型,獲得描述交通狀態(tài)的完備信息條件,以指導(dǎo)交通信息采集系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容主要包括:從受控路網(wǎng)的交通信息特征出發(fā),分析了交通狀態(tài)識(shí)別與路網(wǎng)擁擠管理的信息需求,并對(duì)比分析現(xiàn)有的各種交通信息采集技術(shù),以此作為指導(dǎo)信息采集系統(tǒng)建設(shè)的依據(jù);綜合考慮路段的信息采集需求、路段的網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)特征及其對(duì)路網(wǎng)交通狀態(tài)描述的影響,構(gòu)建了路段信息服務(wù)水平的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,并運(yùn)用多屬性決策理論來(lái)量化信息服務(wù)水平;引入粗糙集理論,對(duì)其中的基本概念賦予交通內(nèi)涵,論證了運(yùn)用該理論進(jìn)行信息完備條件提取的合理性。面向交通狀態(tài)識(shí)別,選取時(shí)空屬性、交通流特征屬性以及狀態(tài)屬性作為系統(tǒng)的屬性集合,建立了對(duì)象交通狀態(tài)信息的知識(shí)表達(dá)系統(tǒng),在分析對(duì)比多種算法效果后,選擇遺傳算法進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)離散化處理、屬性約簡(jiǎn),并根據(jù)約簡(jiǎn)結(jié)果提取出基于交通狀態(tài)識(shí)別的完備信息條件;通過(guò)對(duì)交通檢測(cè)器布局影響因素的分析,建立了以系統(tǒng)成本最低、數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性最大以及系統(tǒng)信息服務(wù)水平最高為目標(biāo)函數(shù),以O(shè)D覆蓋原則和信息完備原則為約束條件的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型。應(yīng)用寬容分層序列法,并對(duì)寬容系數(shù)進(jìn)行了適用性調(diào)配,保證本文多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化模型的求解的可行性與有效性,最后采用遺傳算法完成模型求解。在算例分析中,以Nguyen-Dupuis路網(wǎng)作為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)VISSIM二次開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)完成路網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)的獲取;采用Rosetta軟件實(shí)現(xiàn)了路網(wǎng)完備信息條件的提取,獲得該路網(wǎng)的完備信息條件集合為(速度,流量)、(道路編號(hào),行程時(shí)間,速度)、(行程時(shí)間,速度,占有率)、(道路編號(hào),速度,占有率)、(道路編號(hào),速度,排隊(duì)長(zhǎng)),并利用提取的規(guī)則驗(yàn)證了完備信息條件的準(zhǔn)確性;最后利用MATLAB編程設(shè)計(jì)了檢測(cè)器的優(yōu)化布局,證明了本文模型的有效性與實(shí)用性。
[Abstract]:With the increasing number of motor vehicles, traffic congestion has become an overall problem affecting the normal development of urban functions and sustainable development. Intelligent transportation is recognized as the best way to alleviate traffic congestion effectively. With the development of sensor network, Internet of things, information physical fusion system, cloud computing, big data and other advanced technologies, The mode of intelligent transportation information service has been changed, which makes it possible to control the traffic network completely. The research on traffic information supply mode is based on rough, incomplete control of road network conditions, which is different from the actual application environment. Under the condition of controlled road network, in order to achieve the complete control effect, the supply mode of traffic information should support the accurate description of traffic state first. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to establish an information model based on traffic state description, and to obtain complete information conditions to describe traffic state, so as to guide the construction of traffic information collection system. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: based on the traffic information characteristics of the controlled road network, the information needs of traffic state identification and congestion management are analyzed, and the existing traffic information collection technologies are compared and analyzed. This is the basis for guiding the construction of information collection system. Considering the demand of information collection, the network structure characteristics and its influence on road network traffic state description, the evaluation index system of road information service level is constructed, and the multi-attribute decision theory is used to quantify the information service level. The rough set theory is introduced to give traffic connotation to the basic concepts, and the reasonableness of using the theory to extract the complete information condition is proved. For traffic state recognition, we select space-time attribute, traffic flow characteristic attribute and state attribute as the attribute set of the system, and set up the knowledge representation system of the object traffic state information. After analyzing and comparing the effects of various algorithms, Genetic algorithm is selected for data discretization, attribute reduction, and the complete information condition based on traffic state recognition is extracted according to the reduction result. Based on the analysis of the factors affecting the layout of the traffic detector, the objective functions are the lowest system cost, the highest reliability of the data and the highest level of system information service. A multi-objective optimization model with OD covering principle and information completeness principle as constraints. The tolerance hierarchical sequence method is applied and the tolerance coefficient is adjusted to ensure the feasibility and validity of the multi-objective optimization model in this paper. Finally genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. In the example analysis, taking the Nguyen-Dupuis road network as the research object, through the VISSIM secondary development technology to complete the road network data acquisition; The complete information condition of the road network is extracted by using Rosetta software. The complete information conditions of the network are (speed, flow), (road number, travel time, speed), (travel time, speed, occupancy rate). (road number, speed, occupancy), (road number, speed, platoon captain), and use the extracted rules to verify the accuracy of the complete information conditions; Finally, the optimal layout of the detector is designed by using MATLAB, which proves the validity and practicability of the model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491

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