【摘要】：傳感器系統(tǒng)是橋梁健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中的必不可少的一部分,其對于判定現(xiàn)有橋梁的實時損傷,真實地獲取結構整體和局部信息,在特殊時刻提供預警,減少人力資源和財力上的損失和浪費,減少錯誤信息對處理系統(tǒng)的干擾,實現(xiàn)橋梁的長壽命具有重要的意義。傳感器布置作為橋梁健康監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)中科學研究的重心,人們對它進行的探索一刻也沒有停止過,但是由于測量參數(shù)的不同,科研人員對傳感器優(yōu)化研究角度的差異,自然得出的結果各異,也沒有得出完全唯一的評價準則,存在著許多值得商榷的地方。本論文進行了如下探究:一、建立耿峪河大橋的邁達斯模型,根據(jù)撓度識別誤差最小的原則,插值擬合建立目標函數(shù),借助遺傳算法工具箱在連續(xù)梁橋上對傳感器布置進行優(yōu)化,尋找到關心截面的傳感器布置最精確的解答。針對遺傳算法工具箱中的變異算子和交叉算子對結果的影響進行了深入的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)雖然遺傳算法存在隨機性,但是在橋梁工程中可以通過多次求平均值予以消除。二、對振型的相似性進行了研究,振型向量分量是一個相對值,在以前的二范數(shù)度量振型“相似性”的基礎上,引入一范數(shù)進行規(guī)范化,然后再度量近似度,進而篩選出線性無關的振型以便于分析。三、邁達斯軟件給出的是離散節(jié)點的分量值,于是介紹了最小二乘法的原理和冪級數(shù)、傅里葉級數(shù)以及指數(shù)級數(shù)的擬合方式,最后決定采用精度最高傅里葉級數(shù)擬合成振型函數(shù),編制MATLAB程序,利用MAC準則,采用遺傳算法工具箱對目標函數(shù)進行優(yōu)化,找出鋼桁架梁橋和連續(xù)梁橋動力傳感器的最優(yōu)布置位置,并且采用模態(tài)運動能法對橋梁傳感器進行優(yōu)化布置,得出在耿峪河大橋采用遺傳算法并基于模態(tài)置信矩陣的方法布置橋梁傳感器優(yōu)于模態(tài)運動能法。
[Abstract]:Sensor system is an indispensable part of the bridge health monitoring system. It can be used to judge the real time damage of existing bridges, obtain the whole and local information of the structure, and provide early warning at special time. It is of great significance to reduce the loss and waste of human resources and financial resources, and to reduce the error information to deal with the interference of the system and to realize the long life of the bridge. Sensor layout is the center of scientific research in the bridge health monitoring system, and the exploration of it has not stopped for a moment. However, due to the difference of measurement parameters, the researchers' research angle of sensor optimization is different. Naturally, the results are different, and there is not a completely unique evaluation criterion, there are many questionable points. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the Meidas model of Gengyu River Bridge is established. According to the principle of minimum deflection recognition error, the objective function is established by interpolation fitting. By using genetic algorithm toolbox to optimize the sensor arrangement on continuous beam bridge, the most accurate solution to the sensor arrangement of concerned section is found. The influence of mutation operator and crossover operator in genetic algorithm toolbox on the result is deeply studied. It is found that although genetic algorithm has randomness, it can be eliminated in bridge engineering by calculating the average value several times. Secondly, the similarity of modes is studied. The component of modal vector is a relative value. On the basis of the previous two-norm to measure the "similarity" of modes, a norm is introduced to normalize and then measure the degree of approximation. Then the linearly independent modes are screened for easy analysis. Thirdly, the component value of discrete node is given by Midas software, so the principle of least square method and the fitting method of power series, Fourier series and exponential series are introduced. Finally, it is decided to use the highest precision Fourier series quasi-synthetic mode function, to compile the MATLAB program, to optimize the objective function by using the MAC criterion and the genetic algorithm toolbox. The optimal position of dynamic sensors for steel truss girder bridge and continuous beam bridge is found, and the modal motion energy method is used to optimize the layout of the bridge sensor. It is concluded that the genetic algorithm based on the modal confidence matrix is better than the modal motion energy method in the Gengyu River Bridge.
【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U446

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本文編號：2278428