【摘要】：停車換乘作為緩解城市道路擁堵和停車?yán)щy的有效措施,在20世紀(jì)70年代在世界各國得到廣泛的應(yīng)用。隨著我國城市化進(jìn)程發(fā)展和機(jī)動(dòng)車保有量迅速增加,許多城市交通面臨嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn),北京、上海等大城市開始規(guī)劃建設(shè)停車換乘設(shè)施。停車換乘是兩種出行方式的組合,影響停車換乘的因素非常復(fù)雜,受到出行方式內(nèi)在特性、客觀交通環(huán)境和個(gè)人決策類型和偏好等影響。各城市已投入使用的停車換乘設(shè)施運(yùn)營情況“冷熱參半”。停車換乘需求研究是停車換乘設(shè)施規(guī)劃和布局基礎(chǔ),因此本文考慮公共交通影響,以停車換乘需求為研究對(duì)象,主要研究了以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容:PR需求影響因素分析、PR設(shè)施吸引范圍、基于前景理論停車換乘行為研究和停車換乘需求預(yù)測(cè)研究。本文首先介紹停車換乘定義,國內(nèi)外停車換乘的發(fā)展、建設(shè)和實(shí)施效果。從停車換乘設(shè)施選址、停車換乘行為、停車換乘需求研究和停車換乘需求分布4個(gè)方面總結(jié)了國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀。其次,總結(jié)出行者停車換乘選擇過程和決策類型,系統(tǒng)分析了出行者特性、出行特性、公共交通服務(wù)水平和PR特性等對(duì)停車換乘選擇行為的影響。采用行為調(diào)查和意向調(diào)查相結(jié)合的方式,設(shè)計(jì)停車換乘需求調(diào)查問卷,對(duì)天通苑北停車換乘設(shè)施使用者進(jìn)行調(diào)查,分析停車換乘設(shè)施使用者個(gè)人特性、出行特性和公共交通服務(wù)水平、小汽車使用者使用停車換乘設(shè)施原因以及停車換乘意愿。最后,基于價(jià)格敏感度測(cè)定法(Price Sensitivity Meter,PSM)對(duì)停車換乘設(shè)施上下游影響范圍進(jìn)行測(cè)算。出行者出行方式感知費(fèi)用構(gòu)成因素,如速度、費(fèi)用和出行時(shí)間等受到交通環(huán)境影響具有不確定性。因此,本文在闡述前景理論內(nèi)涵和特點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)性上,設(shè)計(jì)調(diào)查問卷對(duì)出行者停車換乘行為進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究,利用前景理論建立了停車換乘選擇概率模型,通過算例研究相關(guān)因素對(duì)停車換乘需求影響。最后一章,結(jié)合國內(nèi)外研究給出了停車換乘需求預(yù)測(cè)方法,并以天通苑北PR為例計(jì)算停車換乘方式分擔(dān)率,并給出集計(jì)化方法。
[Abstract]:As an effective measure to alleviate urban road congestion and parking difficulties, parking and rider transfer has been widely used in the world in the 1970s. With the development of China's urbanization process and the rapid increase in the number of motor vehicles, many cities are facing severe challenges, such as Beijing, Shanghai and other major cities began to plan the construction of parking and transfer facilities. Parking and transfer is a combination of two modes of travel. The factors affecting parking and transfer are very complex, which are influenced by the internal characteristics of the trip mode, the objective traffic environment, the types and preferences of individual decision making and so on. The operation of the parking and transfer facilities in various cities is "hot and cold". The study of parking and transfer demand is the basis of planning and layout of parking and transfer facilities, so this paper considers the influence of public transportation and takes the demand of parking and transfer as the research object. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the following aspects: the analysis of the influencing factors of the demand for the PR facility, the study of parking and rider behavior based on the foreground theory and the prediction of the demand for the parking and rider transfer. This paper first introduces the definition of parking and transfer, the development, construction and implementation of parking and transfer at home and abroad. This paper summarizes the domestic and foreign research status from four aspects: the location of parking and transfer facilities, the behavior of parking and riding, the research of parking and transfer demand and the distribution of parking and passenger demand. Secondly, the paper summarizes the choice process and decision types of parking and transfer, and systematically analyzes the effects of traveler characteristics, travel characteristics, public transport service level and PR characteristics on the behavior of parking and transfer selection. With the combination of behavior survey and intention survey, the questionnaire of parking and transfer demand is designed to investigate the users of the North parking and Riding facilities in Tiantong Garden, and analyze the personal characteristics of the users of the parking and Riding facilities. Travel characteristics and level of public transport service, reasons for car users to use parking and transfer facilities, and willingness to park and transfer. Finally, based on the price sensitivity method (Price Sensitivity Meter,PSM), the upstream and downstream impact range of parking and transfer facilities is calculated. The factors that make up the perceived cost of travel mode, such as speed, cost and travel time, are uncertain by the traffic environment. Therefore, on the basis of expounding the connotation and characteristics of foreground theory, this paper designs a questionnaire to do empirical research on parking and transfer behavior of travelers, and establishes a probability model of parking and transfer selection by using foreground theory. The influence of relevant factors on the demand for parking and passenger transfer is studied by a numerical example. In the last chapter, combined with the domestic and foreign research, the forecasting method of parking and transfer demand is given, and the sharing rate of parking and passenger transfer mode is calculated by taking PR in the north of Tiantong Yuan as an example, and the lumped method is given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491
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本文編號(hào)：2238758