發(fā)布時間：2018-09-12 08:28

【摘要】：隧道建設一直是我國發(fā)展交通和市政建設的大頭,在地形條件較差和地質構造復雜的地區(qū),斷層帶、褶皺、節(jié)理裂隙等構造比較發(fā)育,地下水豐富,隧道圍巖所處的工程地質條件較差,增加了隧道施工難度和危險,面臨的施工難題也日趨復雜,因此如何提高復雜地區(qū)隧道超前預報的準確性已經成為迫切解決的課題。本文通過理論數(shù)值模擬分析和現(xiàn)場試驗方法,結合工程驗證,對復雜地質區(qū)隧道的綜合物探預報技術做了研究,旨在提高隧道的超前預報準確性。本課題具體的研究內容和所取得的成果為:(1)結合隧道常見的巖溶、斷層、煤層瓦斯的地質災害特征和國內外研究現(xiàn)狀,對隧道地質超前預報的各種方法特點進行了分析,闡述了選擇TSP法和地質雷達法作為綜合預報方法的優(yōu)點及可行性。通過分析單一物探方法的局限性,對比綜合物探技術在排除單一方法多解性中的優(yōu)越性。根據(jù)復雜隧道地質災害的危害和成因不同,通過對隧道超前探測的存在的預報技術對比研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)地質雷達法和TSP法能夠相互印證,發(fā)揮各自的特點,取長補短,為隧道施工提高可靠的技術支持和保障。(2)研究了TSP超前預報方法的工作原理和觀測系統(tǒng),通過自己寫代碼模擬了在隧道全空間地震波的傳播特征和響應特征,并對隧道預報中常見的斷層、空洞以及充填型溶洞等地質災害的彈性波特征做了數(shù)值模擬,從而彌補了在隧道地下空間的地震波資料有限的缺點,通過實測資料的對比,判斷其合理性和可行性。正演模擬結果結合實測典型異常區(qū)的圖像特征收集,對比已有的軟件解釋依據(jù)和方法,參考典型災害異常區(qū)的隧道TSP反射層位與物理力學參數(shù)二維成果圖,通過成果圖像列舉,總結了TSP法在隧道超前預報的解譯標志。(3)研究了探地雷達的工作原理、觀測方式和資料解釋方法,運用Gpr Max正演模擬軟件,對隧道異常區(qū)的地質雷達勘探進行了有針對性的數(shù)值模擬,主要從巖溶空洞、含水溶洞、掌子面前方斷層等幾個不同特征著手,豐富了在隧道巖溶和斷層方面雷達資料有限的缺點,通過實測圖像的比對,判斷其合理性和可行性。正演模擬結果對比實測地質雷達異常區(qū)的電磁波特征收集,總結并完善了地質雷達法在隧道超前探測中的判識準則,從而輔助技術人員來識別不同異常區(qū)的形態(tài)和特征。(4)通過對地質雷達和TSP綜合物探技術在同一隧道巖溶超前預報中的應用效果分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)TSP的預報法的探測距離長,對于軟弱、斷層破碎帶巖性界面等面狀構造探測效果好,對不規(guī)則形態(tài)的三度地質體,如溶洞、暗河等不良地質體探測效果較差;而地質雷法對短距離探測精度高,對充水、充泥、空腔以及不規(guī)則三度地質體(溶洞、暗河)探測效果好。結合前期的工程地質資料,采用TSP法和地質雷達法這種長預報與短預報相結合、面狀構造預報與不規(guī)則地質體預報相結合的模式,能夠對隧道災害地質體的具體位置和特征進行準確、可靠的預報,預報結果能夠滿足巖溶隧道的安全施工要求。
[Abstract]:Tunnel construction has always been a major part of the development of transportation and municipal construction in China. In areas with poor topographic conditions and complicated geological structure, faults, folds, joints and cracks are well developed, groundwater is abundant, and the engineering geological conditions of the surrounding rock of the tunnel are poor, which increases the difficulty and danger of tunnel construction, and the construction problems are increasingly complex. Therefore, how to improve the accuracy of tunnel prediction in complex areas has become an urgent problem. In this paper, through theoretical numerical simulation analysis and field test methods, combined with engineering verification, comprehensive geophysical prediction technology of tunnel in complex geological areas is studied, aiming to improve the accuracy of tunnel prediction. The research contents and achievements are as follows: (1) Based on the characteristics of geological hazards of karst, faults and coalbed methane common in tunnels and the research status at home and abroad, the characteristics of various methods for tunnel geological advance prediction are analyzed, and the advantages and feasibility of selecting TSP method and GPR method as comprehensive prediction methods are expounded. The limitation of single geophysical prospecting method is compared with the superiority of comprehensive geophysical prospecting technology in eliminating the multiple solutions of single method.According to the different hazards and causes of geological hazards in complex tunnels,through the comparative study of the prediction technology for the existence of tunnel advanced detection,it is found that the geological radar method and the TSP method can verify each other,display their respective characteristics and acquire their advantages. (2) Study the working principle and observation system of TSP advance prediction method, simulate the propagation characteristics and response characteristics of seismic waves in the whole space of tunnel by writing code, and give the elasticity of common geological disasters such as faults, cavities and filling karst caves in tunnel prediction. Wave characteristics are simulated numerically to make up for the shortcoming of limited seismic data in underground space of tunnel. The rationality and feasibility are judged by comparing the measured data. The forward simulation results are combined with the collection of image features of typical anomaly areas, and the existing software interpretation basis and methods are compared with reference to typical disaster anomaly areas. TWO-DIMENSIONAL RESULTS MAP OF TSP REFLECTION HORIZONE AND PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PARAMETERS OF TUNNEL AND THE INTERPRETATION MARKS OF TSP METHOD FOR TUNNEL PREDICTION are summarized by enumerating the results of the images. (3) The working principle, observation method and data interpretation method of ground penetrating radar are studied. The numerical simulation of karst cave, water-bearing cave and faults in front of the face enriches the shortcomings of limited radar data in tunnel karst and faults, and judges its rationality and feasibility by comparing the measured images. Collecting, summarizing and perfecting the criterion of GPR method in tunnel advance detection, so as to assist technicians to identify the shape and characteristics of different anomaly areas. (4) By analyzing the application effect of GPR and TSP comprehensive geophysical prospecting technology in the same tunnel karst advance prediction, it is found that the detection distance of TSP method is long. The weak fault fracture zone lithologic interface isosurface structure detection effect is good, the irregular shape of the third-degree geological bodies, such as caves, dark rivers and other bad geological bodies detection effect is poor; and the geological lightning method for short-range detection accuracy, filling water, filling mud, cavity and irregular third-degree geological bodies (caves, dark rivers) detection effect is good. The combination of long-range forecast and Short-Range Forecast by TSP method and GPR method, and the combination of surface structure forecast and irregular geological body forecast can accurately and reliably predict the specific location and characteristics of the geological body in the tunnel disaster, and the forecast results can meet the requirements of the safe construction of karst tunnel.
【學位授予單位】：成都理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U452.11

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