【摘要】：日本阪神、臺(tái)灣集集和汶川等地震的震害調(diào)查表明,隧道結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞主要是由地震動(dòng)引起的巖體變形和斷層錯(cuò)動(dòng)所致。因此,開(kāi)展巖體隧道地震響應(yīng)特性的研究具有十分重要的理論和實(shí)際意義。巖體隧道的地震響應(yīng)本質(zhì)上是一種近場(chǎng)非線性波動(dòng)問(wèn)題,既受近場(chǎng)地震動(dòng)的控制,又受復(fù)雜地形地貌和工程場(chǎng)地地質(zhì)的影響,表現(xiàn)出顯著的地形、斷層、空間非一致和材料非線性等效應(yīng)。本文基于近場(chǎng)波動(dòng)有限元方法,對(duì)巖體隧道的地震響應(yīng)開(kāi)展相關(guān)研究。主要內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)要概括為如下兩個(gè)方面:1.在近場(chǎng)波動(dòng)有限元方法的理論框架內(nèi),開(kāi)展了巖石材料本構(gòu)關(guān)系及地震動(dòng)輸入方法兩方面的理論研究。(1)針對(duì)巖石材料非線性力學(xué)行為,基于應(yīng)變等效假設(shè)及有效應(yīng)力概念的連續(xù)介質(zhì)損傷力學(xué)理論,結(jié)合非線性統(tǒng)一強(qiáng)度理論模型,建立了一種考慮圍壓效應(yīng)的三維彈塑性損傷本構(gòu)模型。構(gòu)建的本構(gòu)模型與巖石三軸試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)吻合良好,可很好地模擬巖石材料的圍壓效應(yīng)及剛度退化行為。(2)針對(duì)地震動(dòng)輸入,結(jié)合黏彈性人工邊界,建立了二維、三維半空間均質(zhì)場(chǎng)地及三維半空間含斷層場(chǎng)地條件下的平面波傾斜輸入方法,并提出了地震動(dòng)垂直輸入的一種簡(jiǎn)化輸入方法。對(duì)比了地震動(dòng)波動(dòng)輸入和振動(dòng)輸入的區(qū)別,建立了一種考慮側(cè)邊界自由場(chǎng)影響的振動(dòng)輸入方法。2.基于近場(chǎng)波動(dòng)有限元方法,研究了巖體隧道洞口段、長(zhǎng)大隧道洞身段、節(jié)理偏壓隧道及跨斷層隧道的地震響應(yīng)特性和反應(yīng)規(guī)律。(1)結(jié)合建立的巖石三維彈塑性損傷本構(gòu)模型,開(kāi)展了隧道洞口段非線性地震響應(yīng)分析,揭示了輸入地震動(dòng)的振動(dòng)方向?qū)λ淼蓝纯诘卣痦憫?yīng)的影響規(guī)律。(2)基于建立的三維半空間均質(zhì)場(chǎng)地的地震動(dòng)傾斜輸入方法,研究了地震動(dòng)SH波、P波及SV波以不同角度入射時(shí)長(zhǎng)大型隧道的地震響應(yīng)特性,探明了隧道軸線變形及橫截面變形與地震動(dòng)入射角度之間的關(guān)系。(3)基于巖石節(jié)理模型,研究了節(jié)理偏壓隧道的地震響應(yīng)特性,揭示了節(jié)理偏壓隧道的地震破壞模式,探討了地震動(dòng)入射角度和節(jié)理傾斜角度對(duì)隧道地震響應(yīng)的影響規(guī)律。(4)基于建立的三維半空間含斷層場(chǎng)地的地震動(dòng)輸入方法,模擬了跨斷層隧道的地震響應(yīng)特性,初步探討了入射角度、斷層寬度和斷層性質(zhì)等參數(shù)對(duì)跨斷層隧道地震響應(yīng)特性的影響。
[Abstract]:The earthquake damage of Hanshin, Taiwan Jiji and Wenchuan earthquakes in Japan shows that the damage of tunnel structure is mainly caused by rock deformation and fault dislocation caused by ground motion. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the seismic response characteristics of rock tunnel. The seismic response of rock mass tunnel is essentially a kind of near-field nonlinear wave problem, which is not only controlled by near-field ground motion, but also affected by complex terrain and geomorphology and engineering site geology. Spatial inconsistency and material nonlinearity. Based on the near-field wave finite element method, the seismic response of rock tunnel is studied in this paper. The main contents are summarized as follows: 1. Within the theoretical framework of the near-field wave finite element method, the constitutive relations of rock materials and the input method of ground motion are studied theoretically. (1) the nonlinear mechanical behavior of rock materials is studied. Based on the strain equivalent hypothesis and the concept of effective stress, a three-dimensional elastic-plastic damage constitutive model considering the confining pressure effect is established by combining the nonlinear unified strength theory model with the continuum damage mechanics theory. The constitutive model is in good agreement with the rock triaxial test data, and can simulate the confining pressure effect and stiffness degradation behavior of rock materials very well. (2) for the input of ground motion and the viscoelastic artificial boundary, a two-dimensional model is established. The oblique input method of plane wave under the condition of homogeneous ground in three dimensional space and fault site in three dimensional half space is presented. A simplified input method for vertical input of ground motion is proposed. In this paper, the difference between wave input and vibration input is compared, and a vibration input method .2. considering the influence of lateral boundary free field is established. Based on the near-field wave finite element method, the seismic response characteristics and response laws of rock mass tunnel opening section, long tunnel section, jointed bias pressure tunnel and cross-fault tunnel are studied. (1) the three-dimensional elastic-plastic damage constitutive model of rock is established. The nonlinear seismic response analysis of tunnel entrance section is carried out, and the influence of the vibration direction of input ground motion on the seismic response of tunnel entrance is revealed. (2) based on the 3D semi-space homogeneous ground motion input method, The seismic response characteristics of large tunnels with different incident angles of SH wave P and SV wave of ground motion are studied. The relationship between tunnel axis deformation, cross-section deformation and incident angle of ground motion is investigated. (3) based on rock joint model, In this paper, the seismic response characteristics of jointed bias pressure tunnel are studied, and the seismic failure mode of joint bias pressure tunnel is revealed. The influence of incident angle of ground motion and tilt angle of joint on seismic response of tunnel is discussed. (4) based on the method of ground motion input with fault in 3D half-space, the seismic response characteristics of cross-fault tunnel are simulated. The influence of incident angle, fault width and fault properties on seismic response of cross-fault tunnel is discussed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U452.28

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本文編號(hào)：2225435