【摘要】：汽車(chē)技術(shù)迅猛發(fā)展的同時(shí),交通事故也在不斷增多。安全氣囊、安全帶等乘員約束系統(tǒng)作為車(chē)內(nèi)主要的保護(hù)裝置,對(duì)降低乘員的傷亡率作用顯著。因此,乘員約束系統(tǒng)在汽車(chē)安全領(lǐng)域的研究中尤為重要。目前,乘員約束系統(tǒng)正在向多樣化、智能化方向發(fā)展。因其是一個(gè)多參數(shù)輸入、多響應(yīng)值輸出的系統(tǒng),所以在眾多參數(shù)中尋找到重要參數(shù)并且實(shí)現(xiàn)其性能的快速優(yōu)化,將對(duì)縮短研發(fā)周期和降低成本起到重要作用。針對(duì)該問(wèn)題,本文立足于一個(gè)全新的乘員約束系統(tǒng)研究角度,從正碰過(guò)程中的能量轉(zhuǎn)移與分配出發(fā),提出基于能量分析的乘員約束系統(tǒng)優(yōu)化方法。主要內(nèi)容分為以下幾個(gè)部分:(1)介紹了汽車(chē)安全領(lǐng)域的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究方法,從國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)乘員約束系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展、優(yōu)化以及能量相關(guān)的研究中,總結(jié)研究思路并結(jié)合理論分析,確定本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容與技術(shù)路線(xiàn)。(2)基于實(shí)車(chē)碰撞試驗(yàn),利用MADYMO7.5軟件建立車(chē)輛正面碰撞仿真模型并驗(yàn)證其有效性。通過(guò)靈敏度分析從乘員約束系統(tǒng)眾多參數(shù)中確定出五個(gè)重要參數(shù),采用正交試驗(yàn)的方法,獲得不同參數(shù)組合下的乘員約束系統(tǒng)與其對(duì)應(yīng)的乘員綜合損傷值WIC。(3)結(jié)合能量理論和相關(guān)研究方法,將假人劃分為頭部、胸部、髖部和腿部四大部分。通過(guò)對(duì)車(chē)輛正碰過(guò)程中各部分能量的逐一分析,明確假人能量的傳遞途徑與乘員約束系統(tǒng)的能量吸收情況。(4)利用MATLAB對(duì)正交試驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合分析,從關(guān)系圖表和擬合公式中先定性后定量地確定乘員綜合損傷值WIC與約束系統(tǒng)吸能分布之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,WIC值與安全肩帶、安全腰帶以及汽車(chē)座椅吸能峰值成負(fù)相關(guān);與護(hù)膝板及地板的吸能峰值成正相關(guān)。(5)選取安全帶、汽車(chē)座椅等,與乘員綜合損傷值WIC存在明顯相關(guān)關(guān)系的乘員約束子系統(tǒng),對(duì)其進(jìn)行參數(shù)分析,逐一構(gòu)建約束子系統(tǒng)參數(shù)與其吸能峰值的關(guān)系式。并結(jié)合WIC值與各個(gè)約束子系統(tǒng)吸能峰值的關(guān)系,確定最優(yōu)的乘員約束系統(tǒng)參數(shù)組合。由此通過(guò)能量方法完成本文約束系統(tǒng)的快速優(yōu)化,獲得如下最優(yōu)結(jié)果:安全肩帶和安全腰帶的織物延伸率取13%,預(yù)緊器的點(diǎn)火時(shí)間取16.7ms,安全帶的限力值取5400N,護(hù)膝板與垂直方向的傾角取24.5o,護(hù)膝板剛度取初始值的93%。此外,當(dāng)?shù)匕迥Σ料禂?shù)適當(dāng)減小,座椅坐墊傾角調(diào)至與水平方向成9.5°夾角時(shí),能夠使得安全肩帶、安全腰帶、汽車(chē)座椅的吸能峰值都達(dá)到最大值,汽車(chē)護(hù)膝板和地板的吸能峰值達(dá)到最小值。得出在最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合下WIC值為0.4023,比原始值降低了7.35%,完成了乘員約束系統(tǒng)性能優(yōu)化。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of automobile technology, traffic accidents are also increasing. As the main protective device, airbag, seat belt and other occupant restraint system can reduce the casualty rate of the occupant. Therefore, the passenger restraint system is particularly important in the field of automobile safety. At present, the passenger restraint system is developing towards diversification and intelligence. Because it is a multi-parameter input and multi-response output system, it will play an important role in shortening the research and development cycle and reducing the cost. In order to solve this problem, based on a new research point of view of occupant constraint system, this paper proposes an optimization method for crew constraint system based on energy analysis from the point of view of energy transfer and distribution in the positive collision process. The main contents are as follows: (1) the main research contents and methods in the field of automobile safety are introduced. The research ideas and theoretical analysis are summarized to determine the research content and technical route of this paper. (2) based on the real vehicle crash test, the vehicle frontal impact simulation model is established by using MADYMO7.5 software and its validity is verified. Through sensitivity analysis, five important parameters were determined from many parameters of the occupant constraint system, and the orthogonal test method was used. According to the energy theory and the energy theory, the occupant restraint system with different parameters is divided into four parts: head, chest, hip and leg. Through the analysis of the energy of each part of the vehicle forward impact process, the energy transfer path of the dummy and the energy absorption of the occupant restraint system are clarified. (4) the orthogonal test data are fitted and analyzed by using MATLAB. The relationship between the comprehensive damage value (WIC) of the occupants and the energy absorption distribution of the constrained system is determined qualitatively and then quantitatively from the relational diagrams and fitting formulas. The results showed that the WIC value was negatively correlated with the peak of energy absorption of safety shoulder straps, safety belts and car seats, and positively correlated with the peak of energy absorption of knee pads and floors. (5) selecting seat belts, car seats, etc. The parameters of the occupant constraint subsystem which has obvious correlation with the comprehensive damage value of the occupants WIC are analyzed and the relationship between the parameters of the constraint subsystem and the peak energy absorption value is constructed one by one. Combined with the relationship between the WIC value and the peak energy absorption of each constraint subsystem, the optimal parameter combination of the occupant constrained system is determined. Therefore, the fast optimization of the constrained system in this paper is accomplished by the energy method. The optimum results are as follows: the elongation of the fabric with safety straps and belts is 13, the ignition time of the preload is 16.7ms, the limiting force of the safety belts is 5400Ns, the inclination angle between the kneading plate and the vertical direction is 24.5o, and the stiffness of the kneepad is 93o of the initial value. In addition, when the friction coefficient of the floor is reduced properly and the seat cushion inclination angle is adjusted to 9.5 擄with the horizontal direction, the maximum energy absorption value of the safety shoulder strap, safety belt and car seat can be reached. The peak energy absorption of the kneepad and floor reaches the minimum value. Under the optimal parameter combination, the WIC value is 0.4023, which is 7.35% lower than the original value, and the performance optimization of the occupant constrained system is completed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江蘇大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.61

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本文編號(hào)：2225402