【摘要】：淺埋隧道爆破對(duì)周邊建筑物及施工人員造成的影響是修建城市地鐵時(shí)無(wú)法回避的問(wèn)題。由于復(fù)雜地質(zhì)條件會(huì)導(dǎo)致不同的爆破施工方案,就要對(duì)不同地質(zhì)情況下的淺埋隧道爆破振動(dòng)及井下空氣沖擊波傳播規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究。本文基于大連地鐵淺埋隧道爆破施工實(shí)踐,用不同的方法對(duì)不同地質(zhì)下的爆破振動(dòng)進(jìn)行研究。在參考大量國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)實(shí)際情況,給出了適用于大連地鐵隧道爆破的振動(dòng)速度安全允許標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并于中風(fēng)化泥灰?guī)r、中風(fēng)化石灰?guī)r及中風(fēng)化白云質(zhì)灰?guī)r等地質(zhì)條件下進(jìn)行爆破振動(dòng)測(cè)試。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在爆破近區(qū),爆破振動(dòng)合速度(Vmax)與三向最大速度的合值(VHmax)相差為15%左右,因此采用爆破振動(dòng)合速度來(lái)作為測(cè)試參考值是可行的；通過(guò)分析大量測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,淺埋隧道爆破的水平方向的振動(dòng)主頻通常要比垂直方向的低,而建筑物對(duì)低頻有選擇放大的效應(yīng),測(cè)試時(shí)也應(yīng)注意水平方向的振動(dòng),而不是一味的關(guān)注垂直方向的振動(dòng)；通過(guò)對(duì)爆破振動(dòng)測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行振動(dòng)功率譜密度分析可以得出,振動(dòng)功率譜密度圖譜可以清晰的看出爆破在低頻下的能量,適用于敏感建筑的爆破設(shè)計(jì)及測(cè)試；并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了淺埋隧道存在“空洞效應(yīng)”；給出了上述三種城市典型地質(zhì)條件下的薩道夫斯基衰減曲線,可供未來(lái)類似工程借鑒。通過(guò)在隧道內(nèi)進(jìn)行爆破空氣沖擊波超壓測(cè)試,對(duì)井下空氣沖擊波傳播規(guī)律進(jìn)行探索,結(jié)果表明：相比于地面爆破振動(dòng)速度,隧道爆破沖擊波超壓在雷管小段別下峰值明顯,可以用來(lái)檢驗(yàn)掏槽區(qū)域的爆破設(shè)計(jì)質(zhì)量；通過(guò)對(duì)沖擊波超壓進(jìn)行噪聲分析,結(jié)果表明井下爆破空氣沖擊波超壓衰減速度慢并伴隨著高分貝的噪聲,不同的掏槽方式對(duì)沖擊波超壓值有明顯影響；對(duì)測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行沖量分析,結(jié)果表明沖擊波負(fù)壓絕對(duì)值雖然沒(méi)有超壓大,但是由于其作用時(shí)間長(zhǎng),導(dǎo)致沖擊波負(fù)壓沖量值與超壓沖量值相差不大甚至超過(guò)超壓沖量,應(yīng)予以重視；根據(jù)測(cè)試結(jié)果對(duì)沖擊波衰減曲線進(jìn)行擬合,給出了不同工況下空氣沖擊波超壓的能量逸出系數(shù)并進(jìn)一步得出不同工況下的沖擊波安全允許距離。
[Abstract]:The influence of shallow tunnel blasting on surrounding buildings and construction personnel is an unavoidable problem in the construction of urban subway. Because the complicated geological conditions will lead to different blasting construction schemes, it is necessary to study the blasting vibration of shallow buried tunnel and the propagation law of underground air shock wave under different geological conditions. Based on the blasting construction practice of shallow buried tunnel in Dalian Metro, the blasting vibration under different geological conditions is studied by different methods in this paper. Based on the research results of a large number of scholars at home and abroad, and according to the actual situation, the allowable standard of vibration velocity safety for blasting in Dalian subway tunnel is given, and the standard for the safety of vibration velocity is given in the middle weathering mudstone. Blasting vibration test was carried out under geological conditions such as medium weathered limestone and medium weathered dolomite. The experimental results show that the difference between the combined velocity of blasting vibration (Vmax) and the maximum velocity of three directions (VHmax) is about 15%, so it is feasible to use the combined velocity of blasting vibration as the reference value. The main frequency of horizontal direction vibration of shallow buried tunnel blasting is usually lower than that of vertical direction, and the building has selective amplification effect on low frequency, so we should pay attention to horizontal direction vibration when testing, rather than pay attention to vertical direction vibration. By analyzing the vibration power spectrum density of blasting vibration test results, it can be concluded that the vibration power spectrum density spectrum can clearly see the energy of blasting at low frequency, which is suitable for the blasting design and test of sensitive buildings. The existence of "cavity effect" in shallow tunnel is verified by experiments, and the Saadolski attenuation curve under the three typical geological conditions mentioned above is given, which can be used for reference by similar projects in the future. By testing the overpressure of blast air shock wave in tunnel, the propagation law of underground air shock wave is explored. The results show that compared with the vibration velocity of ground blasting, the peak value of blasting shock wave overpressure in tunnel is obvious under the detonator segment. It can be used to test the blasting design quality in the cut area, and by noise analysis of shock wave overpressure, the results show that the attenuation speed of blast wave overpressure in underground blasting is slow and accompanied by high decibels noise. The results of impulse analysis show that the absolute value of shock wave negative pressure is not as large as that of shock wave, but because of its long acting time, different cutting methods have obvious influence on shock wave overpressure, and the test results show that the absolute value of shock wave negative pressure is not as large as that of shock wave overpressure. It is necessary to pay attention to the difference between shock wave negative pressure impulse value and over pressure impulse value, and to fit the shock wave attenuation curve according to the test results. The energy escape coefficient of air shock wave overpressure under different working conditions is given and the safe allowable distance of shock wave under different working conditions is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U231.3;U455.6

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本文編號(hào)：2217746