【摘要】：橋式抓斗卸船機(jī)是港口碼頭上應(yīng)用最廣泛的起重設(shè)備,抓斗作為橋式抓斗卸船機(jī)的核心機(jī)構(gòu),憑借著它種類廣泛、靈活性強(qiáng)及可靠性高等優(yōu)勢(shì),被廣泛的用于物料的抓取工作。但是在傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)工作中,設(shè)計(jì)人員為了保證抓斗具有足夠的安全性和可靠性,人為的將設(shè)計(jì)抓斗的安全系數(shù)加大,使得抓斗機(jī)構(gòu)的尺寸厚大笨重,不僅浪費(fèi)鋼鐵資源,也使得抓斗的抓取效率降低。因此對(duì)抓斗進(jìn)行基于強(qiáng)度和剛度及滿足實(shí)際使用要求下的輕量化具有重要的實(shí)際意義。為了對(duì)抓斗進(jìn)行基于強(qiáng)度和剛度及滿足使用要求下的輕量化研究,以25t長(zhǎng)撐桿四索雙瓣抓斗為例,首先,對(duì)抓斗進(jìn)行傳統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)下的分析,根據(jù)抓斗的理論提升量來(lái)估算出抓斗的理論質(zhì)量,再根據(jù)抓斗自重分配系數(shù)對(duì)抓斗各部分進(jìn)行了重量分配;其次,對(duì)25t抓斗建立三維模型,分析抓斗模型的自重及其各部分自重大小,對(duì)比理論抓斗設(shè)計(jì)量,證明抓斗模型與理論抓斗模型相符合;然后對(duì)抓斗模型進(jìn)行靜力學(xué)分析和模態(tài)分析,證明原抓斗模型的滿足剛強(qiáng)度要求,接著對(duì)抓斗提出了四種改進(jìn)方案,分別對(duì)抓斗的撐桿和斗體尺寸進(jìn)行減少,對(duì)改進(jìn)的抓斗模型進(jìn)行靜力學(xué)分析,對(duì)比四種改進(jìn)方案,提出對(duì)抓斗的改進(jìn)方案,即將抓斗撐桿厚度減少6mm,斗體厚度減少3mm;最后,對(duì)抓斗的最終改進(jìn)方案進(jìn)行疲勞分析以及在三種非正常工況下的安全性分析,證明了抓斗改進(jìn)方案具有很高的可靠性,確定了最終的改進(jìn)方案,即將抓斗撐桿處厚度減少6mm,斗體處厚度減少3mm,此時(shí)抓斗質(zhì)量減少了約704kg。通過(guò)對(duì)抓斗進(jìn)行一系列的仿真研究,確定了抓斗的最終改進(jìn)方案,使得抓斗的質(zhì)量減少了,也驗(yàn)證了抓斗改進(jìn)模型的可靠性,為同類抓斗的輕量化提供了一個(gè)研究思路。
[Abstract]:Bridge grab ship unloader is the most widely used lifting equipment in port wharf. As the core mechanism of bridge grab ship unloader, grab bucket is widely used in material grabbing work by virtue of its wide variety, strong flexibility and high reliability. However, in the traditional mechanical design work, in order to ensure sufficient safety and reliability of the grab, the designer artificially increases the safety factor of the design grab, which makes the size of the grab mechanism large and heavy, which not only wastes iron and steel resources, It also reduces the grab efficiency of grab bucket. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to lighten the grab based on strength and stiffness and meet the requirements of practical use. In order to study the lightweight of grab based on strength and stiffness and meet the requirement of application, taking 25t long support bar four cable double flap grab as an example, firstly, the traditional design analysis of grab bucket is carried out. According to the theoretical lifting quantity of grab, the theoretical quality of grab is estimated, and the weight distribution of each part of grab is carried out according to the coefficient of gravity distribution of grab. Secondly, the 3D model of 25t grab is established. By analyzing the gravity of grab model and the weight of each part, comparing the design quantity of theoretical grab, it is proved that the grab model is consistent with the theoretical grab model, and then the static analysis and modal analysis of grab model are carried out. It is proved that the original grab model meets the requirements of rigid strength, and then four improved schemes are put forward to improve the grab bucket. The dimensions of the brace and the bucket body are reduced respectively. The static analysis of the improved grab model is carried out, and the four improved schemes are compared. The improvement scheme of grab is put forward, that is, the thickness of grab pole is reduced by 6 mm, and the thickness of bucket is reduced by 3 mm. Finally, the fatigue analysis and safety analysis of the final improvement scheme of grab are carried out under three kinds of abnormal working conditions. It is proved that the improvement scheme of grab bucket has high reliability, and the final improvement scheme is determined, that is, the thickness of grab pole is reduced by 6 mm and the thickness of bucket body is reduced by 3 mm, and the grab mass is reduced by 704 kg. Through a series of simulation studies on grab, the final improvement scheme of grab is determined, which reduces the quality of grab and verifies the reliability of the improved model of grab, which provides a research idea for the lightweight of similar grab.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U653.928.1

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