【摘要】：駕駛人注意特性是影響行車安全的主要因素。風險交通情境下的風險引力是駕駛人注意特性的量化指標之一,研究風險引力模型的構建及其應用,對預防和減少交通事故,具有重要意義。本文是基于課題組前期建立的風險引力模型基礎上的模型優(yōu)化和應用研究,以有、無經驗的駕駛人為基礎研究人群,基于性別、年齡、駕齡、不同文化程度為變量進行分組分析其不同人群注意特性的差異性。首先,對駕駛人注意特性及相關理論進行分析。從影響駕駛人注意特性的主要因素進行分析,結合駕駛人注意廣度、注意視距、行車速度、駕駛人自身因素等相關因素與駕駛人注意特性之間的關系,分析駕駛人注意及其影響因素對行車安全的影響,為風險引力模型修正選擇合理的參數奠定的基礎。其次,風險引力模型的優(yōu)化、改進。對現有風險引力模型進行分析,分析模型存在的問題,個別參數的不合理性(如風險屬性的模型)和常數假設設置過多計算不便等。針對存在的問題,結合駕駛人注意特性、交通沖突、風險的風險度、以及心理場理論的作用,對駕駛人屬性函數表達式、風險屬性表達式、風險引力模型選擇合理的參數并進行修正。通過分析可知,決定風險屬性的是風險存在的風險度、沖突度、速度以及其所在位置等;決定駕駛人屬性的是駕駛人個性、速度、注意角度、風險與駕駛人之間的距離及其風險對駕駛人感知強度等;而駕駛人屬性和風險屬性是表征風險引力模型的主要因素。通過量化以上決定風險引力大小的因素,以風險引力來表征駕駛人注意特性。最后,風險引力模型的驗證及應用分析。一是實驗設計驗證法,對風險環(huán)境.的設計從簡單到復雜,從單一風險到多風險,通過其注意行為及操作行為分析不同群體的注意特性。實驗表明,風險情景越復雜,相對負荷會越重,駕駛難度越大。二是采用數據分析法,基于觸發(fā)區(qū)、沖突區(qū)域及眼動行為提取模擬駕駛實驗數據和眼動數據,結合風險引力模型,對駕駛人不同群體注意特性進行量化分析。結果表明,駕駛人與風險距離越近,風險引力值越大,注意程度越高,越不利于行車;且高駕齡駕駛人比低駕齡駕駛人注意能力強,男性駕駛人比女性駕駛人注意力能力強等。論文對風險引力的研究成果,為駕駛人注意特性的研究提供新的量化方法,對提高駕駛人的行車安全、減少交通事故具有現實意義。
[Abstract]:The driver's attention characteristic is the main factor which affects the driving safety. Risk gravity is one of the quantitative indexes of drivers' attention characteristics. It is of great significance to study the construction and application of risk gravity model to prevent and reduce traffic accidents. This paper is based on the model optimization and application research based on the risk gravity model established by the research group, based on the study of people with and without experience, based on gender, age, driving age. The differences of attention characteristics among different population groups were analyzed by using different education level as variables. First of all, the driver attention characteristics and related theories are analyzed. Based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the attention characteristics of the driver, the relationship between the attention span of the driver, the distance of sight, the driving speed, the driver's own factors and the attention characteristics of the driver is analyzed. This paper analyzes the influence of driver's attention and its influencing factors on driving safety, and lays a foundation for the modification of risk gravity model and the selection of reasonable parameters. Secondly, the risk gravity model is optimized and improved. The existing risk gravitation model is analyzed, the problems existing in the model, the irrationality of individual parameters (such as the model of risk attribute) and the setting of constant hypothesis are analyzed. Aiming at the existing problems, combining the characteristics of driver's attention, traffic conflict, risk degree of risk, and the function of psychological field theory, the function expression of driver's attribute, the expression of risk attribute, The risk gravity model selects reasonable parameters and modifies them. The risk attributes are determined by the degree of risk, the degree of conflict, the speed and the location of the risk, and the driver's personality, speed, and angle of attention determine the attributes of the driver. The distance between the risk and the driver and the perceived intensity of the risk to the driver, while the driver's attribute and the risk attribute are the main factors to characterize the risk gravity model. By quantifying the factors that determine the magnitude of risk gravity, the risk gravity is used to characterize the attention of the driver. Finally, the validation and application analysis of risk gravity model are given. The first is the experimental design validation method, to the risk environment. From simple to complex, from single risk to multiple risk, the attention characteristics of different groups are analyzed by their attention behavior and operational behavior. The experiment shows that the more complex the risk scenario, the heavier the relative load and the more difficult the driving. Secondly, based on trigger region, conflict area and eye movement behavior, the simulated driving experiment data and eye movement data are extracted by using data analysis method. Combined with risk gravity model, the attention characteristics of different groups of drivers are analyzed quantitatively. The results showed that the closer the distance between the driver and the risk, the greater the risk gravity, the higher the attention, the more disadvantageous the driving, and the stronger the attention ability of the driver with high driving age is than that of the driver of low driving age, and the attention ability of male driver is stronger than that of female driver. The research results of risk gravitation in this paper provide a new quantitative method for the study of attention characteristics of drivers. It is of practical significance to improve the driving safety of drivers and reduce traffic accidents.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.254

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