【摘要】：現(xiàn)有普通滑移支座存在震后位移量過大的問題,而具有自復(fù)位能力的摩擦擺支座在地震過程中會使梁體上升,易對橋梁產(chǎn)生附加損害。本文在現(xiàn)有球型抗震支座的基礎(chǔ)上,綜合超高分子量聚乙烯的耐磨性能及ZA27合金的減振性能,提出一種既能水平隔震又能豎向減振的新型平動-旋轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)合摩擦式支座,在保證隔震能力的同時,提高耗能及水平承載能力,改善位移量過大的缺陷,并提供一定豎向減振能力。首先介紹了新型支座的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理,分析建立了支座在單向及循環(huán)加載條件下的力-位移表達式,給出了分階段的摩阻力計算公式,建立了支座的滯回模型。運用ABAQUS進行靜態(tài)接觸分析,模擬了支座豎直、偏轉(zhuǎn)兩種工況的受載情況,研究了UHMW-PE材料參數(shù)對靜態(tài)結(jié)果的影響。研究了水平滑移量、卡口間隙、摩擦系數(shù)單獨改變時滯回曲線、耗能量、等效阻尼比的變化規(guī)律。在確定滯回模型的基礎(chǔ)上,研究了簡諧振動輸入下參數(shù)改變對支座動態(tài)性能的影響。施加地震波加速度于支座底部,研究了支座在不同地震波輸入下的位移、能量及加速度響應(yīng)結(jié)果。最后,建立支座-橋墩有限元模型,研究支座增加減振結(jié)構(gòu)后在豎向簡諧載荷作用下橋墩上部測點的豎向振動強度的減弱效果,改變ZA27合金厚度、墊板材料研究其對結(jié)果的影響。研究結(jié)論包括:(1)理論分析提出的力-位移模型有較高精度,變參數(shù)分析時,仿真計算與理論簡化公式計算的耗能量最大相對誤差為13.1%,阻尼比最大相對誤差為9.02%,用簡化公式研究支座的滯回特性可以滿足工程計算要求;(2)支座旋轉(zhuǎn)面2的摩擦系數(shù)對旋轉(zhuǎn)階段等效摩阻力的影響更大,影響系數(shù)約為旋轉(zhuǎn)面3的2倍;(3)8度天津波作用下,支座的位移響應(yīng)要明顯大于taft波和EI波的結(jié)果,該支座更適合應(yīng)用于硬場地及中硬場地的設(shè)防區(qū)域;(4)8度設(shè)防烈度下,增大旋轉(zhuǎn)面摩擦系數(shù)對支座滑移量大小有明顯的控制作用,支座最大單向位移幅值較純平動滑移支座可減少30%以上;(5)8度設(shè)防烈度下,d0取40～80 mm時位移控制效果較好。綜合考慮位移及能量響應(yīng)結(jié)果,在3類地震波作用下,支座參數(shù)k2取1.5～2.5合適,d0取40～60 mm合適;(6)隨著豎向簡諧振動頻率的增加,各測點豎向減振效果逐漸減弱,1～6 Hz頻率內(nèi)減振率為21.39%～67.77%,振級減小2.09～9.83 dB;6～14 Hz頻率內(nèi)減振率為14.63%～33.06%,振級減小1.37～3.49 dB;14～20 Hz頻率內(nèi)減振率為6.42%～25.68%,振級減小0.58～2.58 dB;(7)通過分析比較不同ZA27合金厚度下減振效果,考慮減振效果及使用成本,ZA27合金厚度設(shè)計時取12.5～15 mm合適。
[Abstract]:The existing ordinary sliding bearing has the problem of excessive displacement after the earthquake, and the friction pendulum bearing with the ability of self-reposition will cause the beam body to rise during the earthquake, which is easy to cause additional damage to the bridge. On the basis of the existing spherical aseismic bearing and the wear resistance of UHMWPE and the vibration absorption performance of ZA27 alloy, a new type of horizontal vibration isolation and vertical damping friction bearing is proposed in this paper. At the same time, the energy dissipation and horizontal bearing capacity are improved, the defects of excessive displacement are improved, and the vertical damping capacity is provided. Firstly, the structure and working principle of the new support are introduced, the expressions of the force-displacement of the support under unidirectional and cyclic loading conditions are established, the formula for calculating the frictional resistance in stages is given, and the hysteresis model of the bearing is established. The static contact analysis of ABAQUS is used to simulate the loading of vertical and deflection supports. The influence of UHMW-PE material parameters on the static results is studied. In this paper, the variation of horizontal slip, gap and friction coefficient is studied, which changes the time-delay return curve, energy consumption and equivalent damping ratio. Based on the hysteretic model, the influence of the parameter change on the dynamic performance of the bearing is studied under the input of harmonic vibration. The displacement, energy and acceleration response of the bearing under different seismic wave input are studied by applying the seismic wave acceleration to the base of the bearing. Finally, the finite element model of pedestal pier is established to study the weakening effect of vertical vibration intensity of the measuring point at the upper part of the pier under the action of vertical harmonic load after the support increases the vibration absorption structure, and the thickness of ZA27 alloy is changed. The effect of pad material on the results was studied. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the force-displacement model proposed by theoretical analysis has high accuracy. The maximum relative error of energy consumption and damping ratio is 13.1and 9.022.To study the hysteretic characteristics of the bearing by using the simplified formula, it can meet the requirements of engineering calculation. (2) friction of the rotary surface 2 of the bearing The influence of coefficient on the equivalent frictional resistance in rotation stage is greater. (3) under the action of 8 degrees Tianjin wave, the displacement response of the bearing is obviously larger than that of the taft wave and ei wave, and the bearing is more suitable for use in the fortification area of the hard site and the middle hard site; (4) under the intensity of 8 degree fortification, the displacement response of the bearing is obviously larger than that of the taft wave and ei wave; (4) under the 8 degree fortification intensity, the displacement response of the bearing is larger than that of taft wave and ei wave. The maximum unidirectional displacement amplitude of the bearing can be reduced by more than 30% when the friction coefficient of the rotating plane is increased, and (5) the displacement control effect is better when the maximum displacement amplitude of the bearing is 40 ~ 80 mm under the fortification intensity of 8 degree. Considering the results of displacement and energy response, under the action of three kinds of seismic waves, the support parameter k _ 2 is 1.5 ~ (2) ~ (2.5) suitable / d _ (0) = 40 ~ (60) mm. (6) with the increase of vertical harmonic vibration frequency, The vertical damping effect of each measuring point was gradually weakened. The damping rate within the frequency of 1 Hz was 21.39 and the damping rate was 67.77, and the vibration level decreased by 2.09 ~ 9.83 dBX 614 Hz. The damping rate was 14.633,33.06, and the vibration level decreased by 1.37 ~ 3.49 dB ~ 1420 Hz, the damping rate was 6.42mb / 1420Hz, the damping rate was 6.42mb 25.68, and the vibration level decreased by 6.42mb / 1420Hz, and the damping rate was 14.633.49 dB / 1420Hz. (7) by analyzing and comparing the damping effect of different thickness of ZA27 alloy, When considering the effect of vibration absorption and the application cost, the thickness of ZA27 alloy is 12. 5 mm and 15 mm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U442.55

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