【摘要】：近年來(lái),隨著智慧城市(Smart City)概念的提出,作為城市發(fā)展基礎(chǔ)的交通領(lǐng)域受到持續(xù)關(guān)注,在此背景下,各國(guó)針對(duì)車聯(lián)網(wǎng)(Internet of Vehicular)的研究持續(xù)升溫。然而,公交車作為城市的基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)卻并未實(shí)現(xiàn)聯(lián)網(wǎng),面臨著調(diào)度模式單一、信息發(fā)布不及等種種問(wèn)題。 將公交車連網(wǎng)從而實(shí)現(xiàn)更高效的調(diào)度管理是車聯(lián)網(wǎng)在公共交通領(lǐng)域的一項(xiàng)具體應(yīng)用,這就使得車車通信、車人通信等多種通信模式成為了必不可少的需求,但是這其中卻面臨著從傳感設(shè)備采集的數(shù)據(jù)信息以及面向乘客的通信服務(wù)等海量數(shù)據(jù)的發(fā)送與接收,帶寬需求巨大。然而由美國(guó)電氣和電子工程師協(xié)會(huì)(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE)提出的車聯(lián)網(wǎng)無(wú)線通信標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系——WAVE (Wireless Access In Vehicular Environment)協(xié)議族存在通信帶寬有限、頻譜利用率不夠高等問(wèn)題。認(rèn)知無(wú)線電技術(shù)(Cognitive Radio, CR)能夠通過(guò)感知頻譜環(huán)境,需找空閑的授權(quán)頻譜機(jī)會(huì)式接入傳輸,這對(duì)解決公交車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中面臨的帶寬瓶頸問(wèn)題是一個(gè)很好的解決途徑。本文在WAVE協(xié)議族的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)認(rèn)知無(wú)線電技術(shù)在車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中應(yīng)用的研究,利用軟硬件仿真平臺(tái),設(shè)計(jì)并實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于認(rèn)知無(wú)線電的公交車聯(lián)網(wǎng)傳輸平臺(tái),主要工作如下： 首先介紹課題的研究背景和意義,對(duì)認(rèn)知無(wú)線電的定義、功能等相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)介,另外還包括WAVE協(xié)議族以及認(rèn)知無(wú)線電在車聯(lián)網(wǎng)中應(yīng)用相關(guān)研究的介紹。 接著,面對(duì)現(xiàn)有車聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議中頻譜利用率不高、傳輸不夠可靠等問(wèn)題,對(duì)WAVE協(xié)議族中規(guī)定的第一、二層協(xié)議進(jìn)行改動(dòng),在其中融入了認(rèn)知無(wú)線電技術(shù),主要是在MAC層的多信道操作協(xié)議(IEEE1609.4multi-channel operations)中加入頻譜感知、利用空閑頻孔機(jī)會(huì)式接入等功能。 最后,為了評(píng)估協(xié)議改進(jìn)后的傳輸性能,本文搭建了實(shí)際的軟硬件仿真平臺(tái)并設(shè)置了實(shí)際場(chǎng)景對(duì)平臺(tái)的功能和性能進(jìn)行測(cè)試與分析。平臺(tái)的主要功能模塊劃分為頻譜檢測(cè)管理模塊、公共支撐模塊和接入控制模塊三部分,其中頻譜檢測(cè)管理模塊又細(xì)分為頻譜檢測(cè)控制子模塊和頻譜決策子模塊。文章中對(duì)上述各個(gè)模塊的功能以及實(shí)現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)做出了詳細(xì)敘述,闡述了MAC層與上下層采用的基于UDPsocket的接口通信的具體實(shí)現(xiàn),并對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)室環(huán)境下的測(cè)試結(jié)果進(jìn)行了分析總結(jié)。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the concept of intelligent city (Smart City) put forward, the transportation field, which is the basis of urban development, has been paid more and more attention. However, as the basic service of the city, the bus is not connected to the network, and it faces many problems, such as the single dispatching mode and the information release. Connecting buses to achieve more efficient dispatching and management is a specific application of vehicle networking in the field of public transportation, which makes various communication modes such as vehicle-vehicle communication, vehicle-person communication and so on become an essential requirement. However, there is a huge demand for bandwidth due to the transmission and reception of massive data such as data collected from sensor devices and communication services for passengers. However, the wireless communication standard system (wave (Wireless Access In Vehicular Environment) proposed by the American Association of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE) has some problems, such as limited communication bandwidth and low spectral efficiency. Cognitive radio technology (Cognitive Radio, CR) can find the free authorized spectrum opportunistic access transmission by sensing spectrum environment, which is a good way to solve the bottleneck of bus network bandwidth. Based on the WAVE protocol family, combined with the domestic and foreign research on the application of cognitive radio technology in vehicle networking, using the software and hardware simulation platform, the bus network transmission platform based on cognitive radio is designed and implemented. The main work is as follows: firstly, the research background and significance of the subject are introduced, and the definition and function of cognitive radio are briefly introduced. It also includes the introduction of WAVE protocol family and the application of cognitive radio in vehicle networking. Then, in the face of the problems of low spectrum efficiency and unreliable transmission in the existing vehicle networking protocols, the first and second layer protocols stipulated in the WAVE protocol family are modified, in which cognitive radio technology is incorporated. Spectrum sensing is mainly added to the multichannel operation protocol (IEEE1609.4multi-channel operations) of the MAC layer, and the idle frequency hole opportunistic access is used. Finally, in order to evaluate the performance of the improved protocol, this paper builds the actual software and hardware simulation platform and sets up the actual scene to test and analyze the function and performance of the platform. The main functional modules of the platform are divided into three parts: spectrum detection management module, common support module and access control module. The spectrum detection management module is subdivided into spectrum detection control module and spectrum decision module. In this paper, the functions and implementation details of each module mentioned above are described in detail, the implementation of interface communication between MAC layer and upper and lower layers based on UDPsocket is expounded, and the test results in laboratory environment are analyzed and summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U495;TN925

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