【摘要】：隨著我國機(jī)動車保有量的飛速增長,人類對交通安全問題的重視程度也愈來愈高,被動安全技術(shù)作為傳統(tǒng)的安全技術(shù)領(lǐng)域已無法滿足人類對行車安全的需要,在這樣的背景下,主動安全技術(shù)領(lǐng)域已被越來越多的人關(guān)注。汽車安全帶約束系統(tǒng)作為應(yīng)用最早的汽車被動安全技術(shù),在減輕駕乘人員受損程度方面起著重要的作用,但由于傳統(tǒng)式汽車安全帶并不具有主動預(yù)警和預(yù)緊的功能,因此在主動安全技術(shù)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)對傳統(tǒng)安全帶約束系統(tǒng)的探索意義十分重大。本文所設(shè)計(jì)的面向主動安全的預(yù)緊式安全帶集提前預(yù)警、主動預(yù)緊和限力三大功能于一體,打破了作為被動安全技術(shù)的傳統(tǒng)安全帶系統(tǒng)的局限性,以主動安全技術(shù)的姿態(tài)及時預(yù)測事故的發(fā)生并采取主動措施,更有效的保護(hù)駕乘人員的生命財(cái)產(chǎn)安全。本文研究了面向主動安全的預(yù)緊式安全帶控制技術(shù)。系統(tǒng)的主控芯片是Freescale公司研發(fā)的16位MC9S12DP256單片機(jī),預(yù)緊信號主要包括超聲波測距傳感器測得的距離信號和制動踏板力傳感器測得的制動信號,而系統(tǒng)控制的反饋信號則是霍爾式電流傳感器采集的電機(jī)電樞電流信號。采用BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)PID算法對該反饋信號進(jìn)行恒電流控制,更好實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)控制功能。本文基于Matlab/Simulink軟件對BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)PID的控制性能進(jìn)行了仿真,并根據(jù)仿真結(jié)果對傳統(tǒng)火藥預(yù)緊式安全帶的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)改造。同時,為了驗(yàn)證控制策略的實(shí)際可行性,本文設(shè)計(jì)制作了基于MC9S12DP256的控制器硬件電路,試制了一套樣機(jī),并搭建了預(yù)緊式安全帶試驗(yàn)臺。仿真和試驗(yàn)表明:BP神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的PID控制具有較好的跟隨性,抗干擾性和魯棒性,控制性能優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)PID控制,能夠滿足實(shí)時控制的要求;面向主動安全的預(yù)緊式安全帶具備提前預(yù)警功能,并且通過控制驅(qū)動電機(jī)來帶動安全帶卷收器的卷軸卷收,實(shí)現(xiàn)對織帶的控制,達(dá)到主動預(yù)緊的目的。系統(tǒng)在預(yù)緊的同時還能對安全帶織帶張力的大小進(jìn)行控制,避免因織帶過緊對駕乘人員造成傷害,起到限力的作用,滿足主動安全的保護(hù)需求。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the number of motor vehicles in China, people pay more and more attention to traffic safety problems. Passive safety technology, as a traditional field of safety technology, has been unable to meet the needs of human traffic safety. Active safety technology has been paid more and more attention. As the earliest passive safety technology, seat belt restraint system plays an important role in reducing the damage to drivers. However, the traditional seat belt does not have the function of active warning and pre-tightening. Therefore, it is very important to explore the traditional seat belt restraint system in active safety technology. In this paper, the pre-fastening seat belt designed for active safety has three functions: early warning, active preloading and limiting force, which breaks the limitation of traditional seat belt system as passive safety technology. The active safety technology is used to predict the accident in time and take active measures to protect the safety of the driver's life and property more effectively. In this paper, the control technology of pre-fastening seat belt for active safety is studied. The main control chip of the system is a 16-bit MC9S12DP256 microcontroller developed by Freescale Company. The pre-tightening signal mainly includes the distance signal measured by the ultrasonic ranging sensor and the braking signal measured by the brake pedal force sensor. The feedback signal of the system is the armature current signal collected by Hall current sensor. The PID algorithm of BP neural network is used to control the feedback signal with constant current, and the control function of the system is better. In this paper, the control performance of BP neural network PID is simulated based on Matlab/Simulink software, and the mechanical structure of the traditional gunpowder prefastening seat belt is designed and modified according to the simulation results. At the same time, in order to verify the feasibility of the control strategy, the hardware circuit of controller based on MC9S12DP256 is designed and manufactured, a set of prototype is produced, and a pre-tightening seat belt test-bed is built. The simulation and experiment show that the PID control of the BP neural network has better following performance, anti-interference and robustness, and the control performance is better than the traditional PID control, and can meet the requirements of real-time control. The pre-fastening seat belt for active safety has the function of early warning, and can drive the reel of the belt reel by controlling the driving motor, so as to realize the control of the belt and achieve the purpose of active pre-tightening. At the same time, the system can control the tension of the belt, avoid the damage caused by the belt too tight to the driver, play the role of limiting force, and meet the need of active safety protection.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津職業(yè)技術(shù)師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.61

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本文編號：2151994