【摘要】：滿堂支架法是一種在客運專線和城市橋梁建設(shè)中運用十分廣泛的施工方法,但專門針對支架拆除方面的研究較少。本文以某鐵路預應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁橋為工程背景,該橋沿大里程方向地勢由高到低,原施工方案中,施工方計劃在地勢高的邊跨下直接制作土模,其他兩跨搭設(shè)滿堂支架。一般的支架拆除的方法顯然無法適用于本文中的情況,為了驗證該落架方案的安全性,本文主要工作包含以下幾個方面內(nèi)容:(1)在工地實習過程中,收集文中連續(xù)梁橋施工圖紙、施工組織文件,詳細了解該連續(xù)梁橋的落架方案及施工要點,并歸納了拆架過程中可能會出現(xiàn)的4種極端工況。(2)通過查找規(guī)范及閱讀大量相關(guān)文獻,總結(jié)影響落架方案安全性的相關(guān)指標。(3)根據(jù)施工圖紙,選用MIDAS/Civil梁格建模助手建立了該3×32m連續(xù)梁模型,其中選用梁單元來模擬箱梁,用等效荷載法來模擬預應(yīng)力筋的作用,用節(jié)點彈性支承來模擬土模和支架的作用。(4)通過改變模型邊界條件的方法來模擬各種工況,得出各工況下梁體的應(yīng)力、撓度和支座反力,對計算結(jié)果進行整理、比較和分析,并與規(guī)范要求進行比較,針對最不利工況,提出有針對性的應(yīng)對措施和預防方法。通過結(jié)果分析得到如下幾個主要結(jié)論:(1)采用土模的邊跨(左邊跨)橫向的不均勻落架,會引起左邊跨跨中區(qū)域上緣出現(xiàn)較大的主拉應(yīng)力,且橋臺1支座處的反力會發(fā)生重分布,拆除與未拆除土模部分的支座反力差值較大,這可能會造成支座與梁體分離;同時還會引起左邊跨出現(xiàn)較大的上撓。因此建議拆除左邊跨土模時,一定要安排專人盯控,務(wù)必使兩側(cè)拆除土模保持一致。(2)如果不移除土模,同時拆除右邊跨和中跨比僅拆除中跨產(chǎn)生的壓應(yīng)力要小。依此規(guī)律拆除支架時可遵循先落中跨后落邊跨的規(guī)律。(3)只要左邊跨橫向?qū)ΨQ拆除土模,不同工況下全橋均為受壓狀態(tài),符合安全要求。若仍采用原施工方案,推薦中跨和右邊跨先落架,左邊跨土模采用橫向?qū)ΨQ均勻落架。針對未落架橋跨的上撓,可以在落架前采用臨時堆載的方式降低其上撓。
[Abstract]:Full-hall support method is a widely used construction method in the construction of passenger dedicated lines and urban bridges. In this paper, a railway prestressed concrete continuous beam bridge is used as the engineering background. The bridge moves from high to low along the direction of long mileage. In the original construction plan, the construction side plans to make soil mold directly under the high side span of the terrain, and the other two spans to set up the full hall support. In order to verify the safety of this scheme, the main work of this paper includes the following aspects: (1) in the process of site practice, the construction drawings of continuous beam bridges are collected. Construction organization documents, detailed understanding of the continuous beam bridge fall scheme and construction points, and summed up the process of demolition of the four extreme conditions. (2) by looking up the norms and reading a large number of related documents, The related indexes affecting the safety of the falling frame scheme are summarized. (3) according to the construction drawings, the 3 脳 32m continuous beam model is established by Midas / Civil grid modeling assistant, in which the beam element is used to simulate the box girder, and the effect of prestressed tendons is simulated by the equivalent load method. (4) by changing the boundary conditions of the model to simulate the various working conditions, the stress, deflection and support reaction force of the beam under each working condition are obtained, and the calculated results are sorted out, compared and analyzed, by using the elastic support of the joint to simulate the action of the soil mold and the support. (4) by changing the boundary conditions of the model, the stress, deflection and support reaction force of the beam are obtained. Compared with the standard requirements, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and prevention methods for the most disadvantageous working conditions. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the lateral uneven falling frame of the side span (left span) of the soil model will cause the larger main tensile stress on the upper edge of the left span, and the reaction force at the support 1 of abutment 1 will be redistributed. The difference of the support force between the removed and unremoved soil mold parts is larger, which may result in the separation of the support from the beam body, and at the same time, it will cause a large upper deflection in the left span. Therefore, it is suggested that when removing the left cross soil mold, special personnel must be arranged to watch and control it. (2) if the soil mold is not removed at the same time, the compression stress generated by removing the right span and the middle span should be smaller than that of only the middle span. According to this rule, the support can be removed according to the rule of first falling middle span and then falling edge span. (3) as long as the left side span is symmetrical to remove the soil mold, the whole bridge is under pressure under different working conditions, which conforms to the safety requirements. If the original construction scheme is still adopted, it is recommended that the middle span and the right span fall first, and the left cross soil model adopt transverse symmetrical uniform fall frame. In view of the deflection of the unfallen bridge span, the temporary surcharge can be used to reduce the upwarping deflection before the fall.
【學位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U445.4

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