【摘要】：閩東北廊橋是閩東北地區(qū)地標(biāo)性建筑之一,承載著豐富的歷史、文化和藝術(shù)價(jià)值。隨著城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的加快以及科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展,該地區(qū)的許多廊橋由于缺乏保護(hù)正在遭受破壞,甚至消失,因此廊橋的保護(hù)迫在眉睫。當(dāng)前關(guān)于廊橋的研究主要集中在廊橋美學(xué)、廊橋與人居環(huán)境的關(guān)系、廊橋的建筑文化、廊橋民間信仰等方面。鮮有從廊橋景觀的角度進(jìn)行分析研究,本研究在大量田野調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上,從廊橋景觀的角度,采用層次分析法,結(jié)合調(diào)查問(wèn)卷對(duì)閩東北廊橋進(jìn)行分析研究,旨在為閩東北地區(qū)乃至全國(guó)各地的廊橋保護(hù)工作提供理論參考。主要結(jié)果如下:(1)通過(guò)田野調(diào)查以及文獻(xiàn)資料的歸納整理,從自然和人文兩個(gè)方面闡述了閩東北廊橋的成因,分析提取閩東北廊橋景觀的構(gòu)成要素,包括地形地貌景觀、水體景觀、植物景觀和氣候天象景觀4個(gè)自然景觀要素;廊屋、橋架、橋臺(tái)等16個(gè)人文景觀要素。(2)從自然景觀和人文景觀2個(gè)方面選取地形地貌景觀、水體景觀、植物景觀等10個(gè)指標(biāo)構(gòu)成要素層,選取地形高差變化、破碎情況、水體形態(tài)等35個(gè)指標(biāo)構(gòu)成指標(biāo)層,建立系統(tǒng)的閩東北廊橋景觀評(píng)價(jià)體系。綜合評(píng)價(jià)層中,人文景觀(0.7880)指標(biāo)所占的權(quán)重值明顯大于自然景觀(0.2120)。在項(xiàng)目評(píng)價(jià)層中,廊橋本體要素所占的權(quán)重最大,為0.3173。在因子評(píng)價(jià)層中,廊屋因子所占的權(quán)重值最大,為 0.1233。(3)在構(gòu)建閩東北廊橋景觀評(píng)價(jià)體系的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)實(shí)地調(diào)查的閩東北60座廊橋進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果將60座廊橋分為3個(gè)等級(jí);第一級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)得分在3.5分以上。綜合景觀效果非常好,分別是萬(wàn)安橋、鸞峰橋、百祥橋、楊梅州橋、千乘橋等10座廊橋;第二級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)得分在3.0-3.5分。綜合景觀效果好,分別是紅軍橋、升仙橋、小東上橋、廣利橋、廣福橋等18座廊橋;第三級(jí)評(píng)價(jià)得分在3分以下。綜合景觀效果一般,分別是飛馬橋、古廈花橋、雙全橋、新康水尾廊橋、尤溪橋等32座廊橋。最終根據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)分析結(jié)果以及廊橋現(xiàn)狀問(wèn)題提出閩東北廊橋保護(hù)和發(fā)展的優(yōu)化策略。
[Abstract]:Northeastern Fujian Langqiao is one of the landmarks in Northeast Fujian, carrying rich historical, cultural and artistic values. With the acceleration of urbanization and the development of science and technology, many covered bridges in this area are being destroyed or even disappeared due to lack of protection, so the protection of covered bridges is imminent. At present, the research on the bridge is mainly focused on the aesthetics of the bridge, the relationship between the bridge and the living environment, the architectural culture of the bridge, the folk belief of the bridge, and so on. Few studies are carried out from the perspective of the bridge landscape. Based on a large number of field investigations, this study uses the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the questionnaire to analyze the bridge in the northeast of Fujian Province, from the perspective of the landscape of the bridge, and from the perspective of the landscape of the bridge, the paper analyzes and studies the bridge in northeast Fujian Province. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical reference for the protection of bridges in northeast Fujian and all parts of the country. The main results are as follows: (1) through field investigation and literature review, this paper expounds the causes of formation of the bridge in northeast Fujian from the aspects of nature and humanity, and analyzes and extracts the elements of landscape of the bridge in northeast Fujian, including the landscape of topography and geomorphology. Water landscape, plant landscape and climatic sky landscape are 4 natural landscape elements, corridor house, bridge frame, bridge abutment and other 16 human landscape elements. (2) from the natural landscape and human landscape two aspects of topographical landscape, water landscape, Ten indexes, such as plant landscape, were selected to form the key layer, and 35 indexes, such as topographic height difference, fragmentation and water form, were selected to establish a systematic landscape evaluation system of Langqiao in Northeast Fujian. In the comprehensive evaluation layer, the weight value of humanistic landscape (0.7880) is obviously higher than that of natural landscape (0.2120). In the evaluation layer of the project, the weight of the main elements of the bridge is the largest, which is 0.3173. In the factor evaluation layer, the factor of corridor house occupies the largest weight value, which is 0.1233. (3) on the basis of constructing the landscape evaluation system of Langqiao bridge in northeast Fujian, the comprehensive evaluation of 60 covered bridges in northeast Fujian Province is carried out. According to the evaluation results, 60 bridges were divided into three grades, and the first grade was above 3.5. The comprehensive landscape effect is very good, they are Wanan Bridge, Luanfeng Bridge, Baixiang Bridge, Yangmeizhou Bridge, Thousand Ride Bridge, etc. The second stage evaluation score is 3.0-3.5 points. The comprehensive landscape effect is good, they are Red Army Bridge, Shengxian Bridge, Xiaodong Shangqiao, Guangli Bridge, Guangfu Bridge and so on. Comprehensive landscape effect is general, respectively is the Pegasus Bridge, Guxia Flower Bridge, Shuangquan Bridge, Xinkang Watertail Corridor Bridge, Youxi Bridge and other 32 covered bridges. Finally, according to the evaluation and analysis results and the current situation of the bridge, the optimization strategy for the protection and development of the bridge in northeast Fujian is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U448.1

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本文編號(hào)：2135714