【摘要】：隨著我國城市化進程的推進和交通運輸行業(yè)尤其是汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,交通噪聲污染已經(jīng)成為主要的城市環(huán)境問題之一,給城市居民的身心健康帶來了一定的危害。為了從源頭上對交通噪聲污染進行控制,有必要對城市現(xiàn)有噪聲水平進行全面分析,并研究新方案加以控制。本文在對重慶市特定道路和建筑物交通噪聲調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)之上,利用聲學(xué)仿真軟件Virtual.Lab Acoustic研究了交通噪聲的傳播機理,建立了輪胎路面噪聲仿真模型,并從頻域方面對路面激勵作用下產(chǎn)生的輪面噪聲進行仿真分析。主要的研究內(nèi)容包括:(1)討論了聲波的特性,包括聲波的反射、透射、聲波的衍射以及聲波的吸收,在此基礎(chǔ)上討論了聲波的一些基本傳播規(guī)律及其影響因素。(2)介紹了城市交通噪聲測量方法,分析了城市交通噪聲的影響評價指標(biāo),介紹了目前各國常用的城市道路交通噪聲的基本預(yù)測模型,通過圖表的方式列出了各國主要所采用的預(yù)測模型。(3)分析了汽車噪聲的主要來源,以及輪胎噪聲的分類及產(chǎn)生機理。車輛對于城市交通噪聲的影響從宏觀上主要體現(xiàn)在兩個方面,即車速和車流量;同時詳細介紹了城市軌道交通中的輕軌交通對于交通噪聲的影響,從輕軌交通噪聲的組成、噪聲的測量以及評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)三個方面進行分析。(4)利用實測數(shù)據(jù)分析了城市交通噪聲傳播規(guī)律的分析研究,得到了它在縱向傳播規(guī)律;利用Virtual.Lab acoustics軟件從頻域方面對輪胎噪聲進行了聲學(xué)仿真分析,得到了近聲場和場點噪聲聲壓分布圖,可以很形象的觀察路面激勵下輪胎噪聲的分布規(guī)律和傳播情況。(5)最后根據(jù)交通噪聲源的發(fā)聲機理和聲學(xué)傳播衰減規(guī)律提出了城市交通噪聲預(yù)防和控制的主要方法,包括噪聲源控制、低噪聲路面、聲屏障、降噪綠化帶等。
[Abstract]:With the advancement of urbanization and the rapid development of transportation industry, especially the automobile industry, traffic noise pollution has become one of the main urban environmental problems, which has brought certain harm to the physical and mental health of urban residents. In order to control the traffic noise pollution from the source, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the existing noise level of the city and study a new scheme to control it. Based on the investigation of traffic noise in specific roads and buildings in Chongqing, the propagation mechanism of traffic noise is studied by using the acoustic simulation software Virtual.Lab Acoustic, and the simulation model of tire road noise is established. The wheel surface noise caused by road excitation is simulated and analyzed in frequency domain. The main research contents are as follows: (1) the characteristics of sound wave are discussed, including the reflection, transmission, diffraction and absorption of sound wave. On this basis, some basic laws of acoustic wave propagation and their influencing factors are discussed. (2) the measurement method of urban traffic noise is introduced, and the impact evaluation index of urban traffic noise is analyzed. This paper introduces the basic prediction models of urban road traffic noise which are commonly used in various countries at present, and lists the main prediction models adopted by various countries by means of charts. (3) the main sources of automobile noise and the classification and generation mechanism of tire noise are analyzed. The impact of vehicle on urban traffic noise is mainly reflected in two aspects, that is, speed and vehicle flow. At the same time, the impact of light rail transit on traffic noise in urban rail transit is introduced in detail, and the composition of light rail traffic noise is introduced in detail. The noise measurement and evaluation criteria are analyzed in three aspects. (4) the law of urban traffic noise propagation is analyzed by using the measured data, and the longitudinal propagation law is obtained. The acoustic simulation analysis of tire noise in frequency domain is carried out by using Virtual. Lab acoustics software, and the sound pressure distribution map of near sound field and field noise is obtained. The distribution and propagation of tire noise under road excitation can be observed very vividly. (5) finally, according to the sound mechanism of traffic noise source and the attenuation law of acoustic propagation, the main methods of preventing and controlling urban traffic noise are put forward. Including noise source control, low noise pavement, noise barrier, noise reduction green belt and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.91

【參考文獻】

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1 羅鵬;蔡銘;馬俠霖;;城市道路交通噪聲分布模擬研究[J];中國環(huán)境監(jiān)測;2013年05期

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本文編號：2125627