本文選題：交通安全 + 運行車速��； 參考：《昆明理工大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著當今世界公路交通的迅速發(fā)展,交通安全問題日趨突出,已經引起各國交通安全管理者和公路交通安全研究者的廣泛重視。而作為影響交通安全的重要客觀因素,道路線型與運行車速的匹配問題受到了越來越多研究人員的關注。在目前的工程實踐中,使用得最廣泛的運行車速模型為實測車速回歸分析得到的運行車速模型。該類模型能夠針對特定的道路線型,計算出相應的運行車速。但由于受到樣本容量的限制,實測模型的連續(xù)性與普遍適用性尚存在一定缺陷。有鑒于此,本文在現有運行車速模型的基礎上,從車輛動力學性能和駕駛員操縱行為特性的角度,對車輛的運行速度進行了分析,建立了基于人車控制的運行車速模型。本模型主要包括車輛縱向動力學模型、駕駛員目標車速模型和駕駛員操縱行為模型三部分。車輛縱向動力學模型首先從整車角度,根據車輛行駛過程中的力學平衡,分析了制動器制動力和發(fā)動機扭矩與車輛加速度之間的關系。其次,根據發(fā)動機MAP圖建立了發(fā)動機有效扭矩隨轉速和節(jié)氣門開度變化的函數關系；再次,由實測數據回歸分析建立了制動器制動力與制動輪缸壓力之間的函數關系；最后將發(fā)動機模型和制動器模型代入整車動力學模型,得出了不同車速下,車輛對油門、制動踏板輸入的響應情況。駕駛員目標車速模型采用現有的基于實測數據的運行車速模型,根據道路的曲率半徑計算出理論運行車速,并以此速度作為駕駛員心理認知的目標車速。駕駛員操縱行為模型包含駕駛員信息感知與決策和駕駛員操作行為兩部分。在感知與決策階段,模型綜合考慮了駕駛員預瞄點的路況信息和車輛當前行駛位置的道路條件,以行駛的舒適性為目標,得到駕駛員的期望加速度。在操作階段,駕駛員根據期望加速度與車輛實際加速度的誤差控制油門和制動踏板,從而使車速達到目標車速。綜上所述,本文通過在運行車速模型中引入車輛動力學模型和駕駛員速度控制行為模型,對現有的運行車速模型進行了完善；通過分析駕駛員的預瞄行為,對道路線型變化時的運行車速模型進行了補充和修正；同時,相對于現有的以運行車速為評價標準的道路線型評價方法,本模型提供的車輛油門、制動踏板開度變化和車輛加速度等輸出參數可以為道路線型評價提供更加直觀的評價指標。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of highway traffic in the world, traffic safety problems are becoming more and more prominent, which has attracted the attention of traffic safety managers and road traffic safety researchers. As an important objective factor affecting traffic safety, the matching between road alignment and speed has attracted more and more researchers' attention. In the current engineering practice, the most widely used speed model is the speed model obtained from the regression analysis of the measured speed. This kind of model can calculate the corresponding running speed according to the specific road alignment. However, due to the limitation of sample size, the continuity and universal applicability of the measured model are still limited. In view of this, this paper analyzes the running speed of vehicles from the point of view of vehicle dynamic performance and driver's handling behavior, and establishes a speed model based on man-vehicle control on the basis of the existing operating speed models. This model mainly includes three parts: longitudinal dynamic model, driver's target speed model and driver's control behavior model. According to the mechanical balance of vehicle driving process, the relationship between brake braking force, engine torque and vehicle acceleration is analyzed from the angle of vehicle longitudinal dynamics. Secondly, according to the map of engine, the functional relationship of engine effective torque with speed and throttle opening is established. Thirdly, the functional relationship between brake force and brake wheel cylinder pressure is established by regression analysis of measured data. Finally, the engine model and brake model are substituted into the whole vehicle dynamics model, and the response of the vehicle to the throttle and brake pedal input under different speed is obtained. The driver's target speed model uses the existing operating speed model based on the measured data, and calculates the theoretical operating speed according to the curvature radius of the road, and this speed is regarded as the target speed of the driver's psychological cognition. Driver control behavior model includes two parts: driver information perception and decision-making and driver operation behavior. In the stage of perception and decision-making, the model synthetically considers the road condition information of the driver's preview point and the road condition of the vehicle's current driving position. The desired acceleration of the driver is obtained by taking the comfort of the driving as the goal. In the operation stage, the driver controls the throttle and brake pedal according to the error between the expected acceleration and the actual acceleration of the vehicle, so that the speed can reach the target speed. To sum up, this paper introduces vehicle dynamics model and driver speed control behavior model to improve the existing speed model. At the same time, compared with the existing road alignment evaluation method, the vehicle throttle provided by this model is compared with the existing road alignment evaluation method. The output parameters such as brake pedal opening and vehicle acceleration can provide a more intuitive evaluation index for road alignment evaluation.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.25

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本文編號：2100364