本文選題：危險(xiǎn)貨物 + 時(shí)變　； 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：危險(xiǎn)貨物具有爆炸、易燃、毒害等危險(xiǎn)特性,在道路運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中一旦發(fā)生事故容易造成人身傷亡、財(cái)產(chǎn)損毀或環(huán)境污染等嚴(yán)重后果。近年來(lái),我國(guó)危險(xiǎn)貨物道路運(yùn)輸事故多發(fā),如何保障運(yùn)輸?shù)慕?jīng)濟(jì)效益和安全性具有重要意義。實(shí)際證明,路徑優(yōu)化在保障經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的前提下,可以有效降低危險(xiǎn)貨物道路運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn),本文在國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了以下研究:以傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估模型為基礎(chǔ),考慮了時(shí)間因素和事故綜合特征(危險(xiǎn)貨物種類(lèi)、事故類(lèi)型、事故等級(jí))對(duì)危險(xiǎn)貨物道路運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響,引入事故率和事故后果修正因子,構(gòu)建了時(shí)變條件下危險(xiǎn)貨物道路運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度量模型,并使用風(fēng)險(xiǎn)三大公理驗(yàn)證了模型的有效性。在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)度量模型的基礎(chǔ)上,以人口風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和成本為目標(biāo)函數(shù),建立了時(shí)變條件下無(wú)宵禁限制和有宵禁限制的危險(xiǎn)貨物道路運(yùn)輸路徑優(yōu)化模型,采用動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)劃和標(biāo)號(hào)法對(duì)模型進(jìn)行求解,并設(shè)計(jì)了算例。算例結(jié)果表明危險(xiǎn)貨物道路運(yùn)輸具有時(shí)變性,不同出發(fā)時(shí)間對(duì)應(yīng)的最優(yōu)路徑不同;危險(xiǎn)貨物種類(lèi)、事故類(lèi)型和事故等級(jí)均會(huì)影響運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的大小;基于決策者偏好得到不同出發(fā)時(shí)間對(duì)應(yīng)的最優(yōu)路徑和一天中最優(yōu)出發(fā)時(shí)間及對(duì)應(yīng)路徑;宵禁限制通過(guò)改變節(jié)點(diǎn)出發(fā)時(shí)間,引入停車(chē)等待風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和成本影響最優(yōu)路徑的選擇;危險(xiǎn)貨物道路運(yùn)輸路徑優(yōu)化可以有效降低運(yùn)輸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和成本,并為相關(guān)決策者提供了決策依據(jù)。最后對(duì)論文工作進(jìn)行了總結(jié),針對(duì)論文中存在的不足,指出了下一步的研究方向。
[Abstract]:Dangerous goods have dangerous characteristics such as explosion, flammability, poison and so on. In the course of road transportation, accidents will easily cause casualties, property damage or environmental pollution and other serious consequences. In recent years, road transportation accidents of dangerous goods in China are frequent, how to ensure the economic benefits and safety of transportation is of great significance. It has been proved that route optimization can effectively reduce the risk of dangerous goods transportation on the premise of ensuring economic benefits. Based on the current research situation at home and abroad, this paper makes the following research: based on the traditional risk assessment model, Considering the influence of time factors and comprehensive characteristics of accidents (types of dangerous goods, types of accidents, accident grades) on the risk of road transport of dangerous goods, the accident rate and accident consequence correction factor are introduced. A risk measurement model for road transport of dangerous goods under time-varying conditions is constructed, and the validity of the model is verified by using three axioms of risk. Based on the risk measurement model and taking population risk, environmental risk and cost as objective functions, an optimal road transport route model of dangerous goods with and without curfew under time-varying conditions is established. Dynamic programming and labeling method are used to solve the model, and an example is designed. The results show that the road transportation of dangerous goods is time-varying and the optimal path is different according to different departure times, and the types of dangerous goods, the type of accidents and the grade of accidents all affect the size of transport risks. Based on the preference of the decision makers, the optimal path and the optimal departure time and the corresponding path are obtained for different departure times, and the curfew limits the optimal path selection by changing the departure time of the node and introducing the risk and cost of parking waiting. Route optimization of road transportation of dangerous goods can effectively reduce transportation risk and cost, and provide decision basis for relevant decision makers. Finally, the paper summarizes the work, and points out the next research direction in view of the shortcomings of the paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U492.81

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本文編號(hào)：2065953