本文選題：交通流 + 智能交通系統(tǒng)��； 參考：《北京交通大學》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：道路交通流的運行狀態(tài)直接影響整個城市交通系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性,一旦城市交通系統(tǒng)失穩(wěn)將給社會環(huán)境帶來各種不利因素,如交通堵塞、環(huán)境污染、資源浪費、事故頻發(fā)等。本文利用格子流體力學理論研究了封閉系統(tǒng)和開放系統(tǒng)中的宏觀交通流建模問題。一方面,在封閉系統(tǒng)中借助智能交通系統(tǒng)理念,分別構(gòu)建了單車道、雙車道格子流體力學模型,并對模型進行線性和非線性分析,通過數(shù)值仿真驗證理論分析結(jié)果,進一步在亞穩(wěn)態(tài)區(qū)域研究不同擾動在交通流中的演化情況；另一方面,城市交通系統(tǒng)本身就是開放的復雜巨系統(tǒng),而其中交通瓶頸是阻礙交通系統(tǒng)運行狀態(tài)的集中點,也是引起城市交通病的癥結(jié)所在。本文將新建的道路交通模型應用到不同類型的交通瓶頸中,重現(xiàn)了實測觀察到的交通流擁擠模式,分析不同交通擁擠模式演化機理及形成條件。具體來講,本文研究工作包括如下幾個方面： (1)首先在封閉系統(tǒng)中,借助智能交通系統(tǒng),充分考慮前面多個格子的密度信息對當前格子的影響,建立基于密度差格子流體力學合作駕駛模型。采用線性穩(wěn)定性理論和攝動理論對新建模型進行分析,前者可以得到模型的線性穩(wěn)定性條件,后者推導出了描述擁擠區(qū)域密度波的mKdV方程,同時求得了關(guān)于密度的扭矩-反扭矩解。通過數(shù)值仿真發(fā)現(xiàn)合作駕駛能夠提高交通流的穩(wěn)定性。其次,把單車道密度差格子流體力學模型擴展到雙車道,建立雙車道格子流體力學模型。與合作駕駛模型一樣,通過上述兩種理論方法和數(shù)值模擬對該模型中的交通流特性進行了理論分析和仿真研究。結(jié)果表明：在雙車道系統(tǒng)中考慮密度差的作用同樣可以提高交通流的穩(wěn)定性。 (2)進一步依據(jù)Kerner三相交通流理論中描述的同步流特征,單純的密度并不能完全反映擁擠區(qū)域的交通流狀況,因此本文考慮下游多個格子的流量信息建立合作駕駛模型。通過對所構(gòu)建的新模型進行理論分析得到解析的線性穩(wěn)定性條件,通過非線性分析方法對模型進行分析,推導出了其mKdV方程并求得解析解。在上述分析的基礎(chǔ)上,本文采用敏感系數(shù)-密度的相空間圖闡述了流量差信息在改善交通流穩(wěn)定性方面的作用。并通過數(shù)值模擬得出在ITS系統(tǒng)中合作駕駛的最優(yōu)作用范圍。此外,通過延伸研究將流量差作用引入到雙車道封閉系統(tǒng)中,建立了考慮流量差的雙車道格子流體力學模型。不僅從理論上對模型進行了線性和非線性研究,還對亞穩(wěn)態(tài)區(qū)域擾動隨時間的演化情況進行了仿真研究,同樣得到了有意義的結(jié)論。 (3)基于本文所構(gòu)建的雙車道密度差模型,在封閉系統(tǒng)中采用攝動方法推導模型的KdV方程,此方程中通過逆散射變換求得準確的孤子解。在開放邊界條件下對模型進行數(shù)值模擬,得到隨著時間的推移保持其形狀不變且向上游傳播的孤子。此外,本文通過在開放系統(tǒng)下游設(shè)置格子的密度以隨機擾動的方式進行波動研究實測阻塞交通流模式。通過調(diào)整系統(tǒng)初始密度,系統(tǒng)復現(xiàn)了各種實測交通流擁擠模式,并給出了這些擁堵模式的相基本圖。實測的擁擠模式主要包括：運動局部阻塞、引發(fā)的時走時停交通波、震蕩擁擠流和均勻擁擠流。此外,通過數(shù)值模擬,給出了相基本圖中所有交通流模式的時空演化圖。 (4)為克服密度差雙車道格子流體力學模型中會出現(xiàn)車輛倒退的現(xiàn)象,本文采用改進的換道規(guī)則和流量轉(zhuǎn)移函數(shù),建立了新的雙車道格子流體力學模型。新模型不同于以前的雙車道模型,左右兩個車道的守恒方程各自獨立且通過換道相互關(guān)聯(lián)。首先,結(jié)合該模型,論文設(shè)計了確定型的入匝道和兩種隨機型入匝道。新模型應用于隨機型匝道系統(tǒng)時除了能夠預測第四章中的四種擁擠模式外,還能預測同步流(HST)擁擠模式和固定的局部集簇(PLC)。其次,設(shè)計入匝道與出匝道的組合匝道系統(tǒng)。新模型在組合交通瓶頸中依然能夠預測MLC、PLC、TSC、 OCT和HCT擁擠模式,且在同樣的初始條件下,組合匝道中交通流的阻塞程度遠遠小于入匝道瓶頸系統(tǒng)中的阻塞程度。
[Abstract]:The running state of the road traffic flow directly affects the stability of the whole urban traffic system. Once the instability of the urban traffic system will bring all kinds of unfavorable factors to the social environment, such as traffic jam, environmental pollution, waste of resources, frequent accidents and so on. This paper uses the lattice fluid mechanics theory to study the macroscopic intersection in the closed system and the open system. On the one hand, in the closed system, with the help of the idea of intelligent traffic system, a single lane, two lane lattice hydrodynamics model is constructed respectively, and the linear and nonlinear analysis of the model is carried out. The theoretical analysis results are verified by numerical simulation, and the evolution of different disturbances in the traffic flow is further studied in the metastable region. On the other hand, the urban traffic system itself is an open and complex giant system, and the traffic bottleneck is the central point that hinders the running state of the traffic system. It is also the crux of the urban traffic disease. In this paper, the new road traffic model is applied to different types of traffic bottlenecks, and the observed traffic congestion is reproduced. The evolution mechanism and formation conditions of different traffic congestion modes are analyzed. Specifically, the research work in this paper includes the following aspects:
(1) first of all, in the closed system, with the help of the intelligent traffic system, the density difference lattice fluid dynamics cooperative driving model based on the density difference lattice fluid dynamics is fully considered. The linear stability theory and perturbation theory are used to analyze the new model. The former can obtain the linear stability condition of the model. The latter derives the mKdV equation describing the density wave in the crowded area and obtains the torque reverse torque solution about the density. Through the numerical simulation, it is found that cooperative driving can improve the stability of the traffic flow. Secondly, the single lane density difference lattice fluid mechanics model is extended to the double lane, and the two lane lattice hydrodynamics model is established. As a driving model, the traffic flow characteristics in the model are analyzed and simulated through the two theoretical methods and numerical simulations. The results show that the stability of traffic flow can be improved by considering the effect of density difference in the dual lane system.
(2) according to the characteristics of the synchronous flow described in the Kerner three phase traffic flow theory, the simple density does not fully reflect the traffic flow situation in the crowded area. Therefore, this paper considers the traffic information of the downstream multiple lattices to establish the cooperative driving model. By theoretical analysis of the new model, the analytic linear stability bar is obtained. By analyzing the model by nonlinear analysis method, the mKdV equation is derived and the analytical solution is derived. On the basis of the above analysis, the function of the flow difference information in improving the stability of traffic flow is explained by the phase space diagram of the sensitive coefficient density, and the best cooperative driving in the ITS system is obtained by numerical simulation. In addition, by introducing the flow difference into a double lane closed system by extending the flow difference, a two lane lattice hydrodynamics model, which considers the flow difference, is established. Not only is the linear and nonlinear study of the model, but also the simulation of the evolution of the metastable regional disturbance is also studied. To a meaningful conclusion.
(3) based on the two lane density difference model constructed in this paper, the KdV equation of the model is derived by the perturbation method in the closed system. In this equation, the exact soliton solution is obtained by the inverse scattering transformation. The model is numerically simulated under the open boundary condition, and the soliton propagating to the upstream is maintained with the passage of time. In addition, in this paper, the traffic flow pattern is measured by random disturbance in the way of setting the density of the lattices in the downstream of the open system. By adjusting the initial density of the system, a variety of traffic flow congestion models are reproduced, and the phase basic diagrams of these congestion modes are given. The measured congestion mode mainly includes: Movement In the case of local congestion, traffic waves are stopped at the time of departure, and the congestion and congestion flow are concussion. In addition, the spatio-temporal evolution of all traffic flow patterns in the phase basic diagram is given by numerical simulation.
(4) in order to overcome the phenomenon that the vehicle falls back in the density difference double lane lattice fluid mechanics model, a new double lane lattice fluid mechanics model is established by using the improved channel change rule and the flow transfer function. The new model is different from the previous two lane model, and the conservation equations of the left and right two lanes are independent and through the channel change phase. First, combining the model, the paper designs the deterministic ramp and two random ramps. The new model can predict the HST congestion mode and the fixed local cluster (PLC) in addition to the prediction of four congestion modes in the fourth chapter. Secondly, the ramp and the ramp are designed. Combined ramp system. The new model can still predict MLC, PLC, TSC, OCT and HCT congestion in combined traffic bottlenecks. Under the same initial conditions, the congestion of the traffic flow in the combined ramp is far less than the degree of congestion in the bottleneck system of the ramp.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491.112

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