本文選題：地震風(fēng)險(xiǎn) + 抗震可恢復(fù)性�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,防災(zāi)減災(zāi)的理念正在經(jīng)歷新的轉(zhuǎn)變,可恢復(fù)性有望成為新的指導(dǎo)思想。以建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)為例,不但要求建筑結(jié)構(gòu)在地震來臨時(shí)保障人的生命安全,業(yè)主也希望詳細(xì)地了解設(shè)計(jì)方案的抗震性能、建造成本、運(yùn)營維護(hù)成本、地震損失等信息。在此之上,人們逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到除了建筑的安全和相關(guān)經(jīng)濟(jì)考量,確保建筑物在地震后繼續(xù)發(fā)揮功能,對(duì)災(zāi)后的恢復(fù)重建有著重要的意義。以人為本的理念要求盡可能使人們的生活水準(zhǔn)不因地震而大幅下降。即使建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施發(fā)生了超過預(yù)期的功能突降,也應(yīng)有對(duì)應(yīng)的資源、機(jī)制使其盡快恢復(fù)�？拐鹂苫謴�(fù)性可以定義為在遭受地震災(zāi)害時(shí)抵抗災(zāi)害、快速恢復(fù)、將受到的干擾降到最低的能力。當(dāng)然這個(gè)過程不是不計(jì)成本的,恰恰相反,可恢復(fù)性的理念要求全面評(píng)估經(jīng)濟(jì)代價(jià),不但要估計(jì)地震造成的直接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,還要估計(jì)地震導(dǎo)致的人員傷亡損失和間接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,間接經(jīng)濟(jì)損失包括救災(zāi)階段的短期損失和重建階段的長(zhǎng)期損失。可恢復(fù)性評(píng)估作為一個(gè)剛剛建立的理論框架,其理念逐漸被廣泛接受后,如何定量衡量成為新的挑戰(zhàn)。本文通過構(gòu)造功能函數(shù)將承災(zāi)體的結(jié)構(gòu)損傷、初始經(jīng)濟(jì)損失和功能折減與恢復(fù)重建期間的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失、功能恢復(fù)路徑聯(lián)系起來,同時(shí)考慮到不同人群關(guān)心指標(biāo)的差異,提出了可恢復(fù)性指標(biāo)和和可恢復(fù)性效益兩個(gè)決策變量,前者衡量可恢復(fù)性的能力,后者衡量可恢復(fù)性的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。在此基礎(chǔ)上,本文針對(duì)不同方案、不同可恢復(fù)性技術(shù)手段,提出了基于可恢復(fù)性理論框架的統(tǒng)一評(píng)價(jià)體系和決策機(jī)制。作為交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的關(guān)鍵節(jié)點(diǎn),公路橋梁的抗震可恢復(fù)性對(duì)整個(gè)地區(qū)的震后恢復(fù)重建至關(guān)重要。因此,本文選擇一座公路鋼筋混凝土連續(xù)梁橋?yàn)檠芯繉?duì)象,首先進(jìn)行了地震易損性分析與地震損失估計(jì)。之后結(jié)合抗震可恢復(fù)性相關(guān)理論,對(duì)該橋梁的抗震可恢復(fù)性進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià)。希望通過本文的工作,為將來實(shí)現(xiàn)可恢復(fù)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、社區(qū)、城市乃至國家提供一些前期研究參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the concept of disaster prevention and disaster reduction is undergoing a new transformation, and the recoverability is expected to be a new guiding ideology. As an example, the building seismic design not only requires the building structure to ensure the life safety of the people when the earthquake comes, but also the owner wants to understand the seismic performance, construction cost, maintenance cost, earthquake loss and so on. Information. On this basis, people gradually realize that in addition to building safety and related economic considerations, ensuring that buildings continue to function after the earthquake, it is of great significance to restore and rebuild after the earthquake. The people-oriented concept requires that people's living standards do not fall by the earthquake as much as possible. Even the building structure and infrastructure are required. There should be more than expected functional landing, and there should be corresponding resources and mechanisms to restore it as soon as possible. Seismic recoverability can be defined as resistance to disasters, rapid recovery, and the ability to reduce the interference to the minimum. To estimate the economic cost, it is not only to estimate the direct economic losses caused by the earthquake, but also to estimate the loss of casualties and indirect economic losses caused by the earthquake. The indirect economic losses include the short-term losses in the disaster relief phase and the long-term loss in the reconstruction stage. By constructing functional functions, the structural damage of disaster bearing bodies, the economic loss of the initial economic loss and functional reduction, the economic loss during the restoration and reconstruction, the recovery path of the functional recovery, and the difference of the indicators of concern for different populations are taken into consideration, and the recoverability index and the recoverability are put forward by the structural function function. Two decision variables, the former measure the ability of recoverability, and the latter measure the economic benefits of recoverability. On this basis, this paper puts forward a unified evaluation system and decision machine based on the recoverable theoretical framework for different schemes and recoverable technical means. As a key node in the traffic network, the highway bridge is the key node. The seismic recoverability is very important for the restoration and reconstruction of the whole area after the earthquake. Therefore, this paper chooses a highway reinforced concrete continuous beam bridge as the research object. First, the seismic vulnerability analysis and the earthquake loss estimation are carried out. Then the seismic recoverability of the bridge is evaluated with the correlation theory of seismic recoverability. Through this work, we will provide some early research reference for the future recovery infrastructure, community, city and even the country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U442.55

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