本文選題：地震風險 + 抗震可恢復性　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,防災減災的理念正在經歷新的轉變,可恢復性有望成為新的指導思想。以建筑抗震設計為例,不但要求建筑結構在地震來臨時保障人的生命安全,業(yè)主也希望詳細地了解設計方案的抗震性能、建造成本、運營維護成本、地震損失等信息。在此之上,人們逐漸認識到除了建筑的安全和相關經濟考量,確保建筑物在地震后繼續(xù)發(fā)揮功能,對災后的恢復重建有著重要的意義。以人為本的理念要求盡可能使人們的生活水準不因地震而大幅下降。即使建筑結構和基礎設施發(fā)生了超過預期的功能突降,也應有對應的資源、機制使其盡快恢復�？拐鹂苫謴托钥梢远x為在遭受地震災害時抵抗災害、快速恢復、將受到的干擾降到最低的能力。當然這個過程不是不計成本的,恰恰相反,可恢復性的理念要求全面評估經濟代價,不但要估計地震造成的直接經濟損失,還要估計地震導致的人員傷亡損失和間接經濟損失,間接經濟損失包括救災階段的短期損失和重建階段的長期損失。可恢復性評估作為一個剛剛建立的理論框架,其理念逐漸被廣泛接受后,如何定量衡量成為新的挑戰(zhàn)。本文通過構造功能函數(shù)將承災體的結構損傷、初始經濟損失和功能折減與恢復重建期間的經濟損失、功能恢復路徑聯(lián)系起來,同時考慮到不同人群關心指標的差異,提出了可恢復性指標和和可恢復性效益兩個決策變量,前者衡量可恢復性的能力,后者衡量可恢復性的經濟效益。在此基礎上,本文針對不同方案、不同可恢復性技術手段,提出了基于可恢復性理論框架的統(tǒng)一評價體系和決策機制。作為交通網絡中的關鍵節(jié)點,公路橋梁的抗震可恢復性對整個地區(qū)的震后恢復重建至關重要。因此,本文選擇一座公路鋼筋混凝土連續(xù)梁橋為研究對象,首先進行了地震易損性分析與地震損失估計。之后結合抗震可恢復性相關理論,對該橋梁的抗震可恢復性進行了評價。希望通過本文的工作,為將來實現(xiàn)可恢復的基礎設施、社區(qū)、城市乃至國家提供一些前期研究參考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the concept of disaster prevention and disaster reduction is undergoing a new transformation, and the recoverability is expected to be a new guiding ideology. As an example, the building seismic design not only requires the building structure to ensure the life safety of the people when the earthquake comes, but also the owner wants to understand the seismic performance, construction cost, maintenance cost, earthquake loss and so on. Information. On this basis, people gradually realize that in addition to building safety and related economic considerations, ensuring that buildings continue to function after the earthquake, it is of great significance to restore and rebuild after the earthquake. The people-oriented concept requires that people's living standards do not fall by the earthquake as much as possible. Even the building structure and infrastructure are required. There should be more than expected functional landing, and there should be corresponding resources and mechanisms to restore it as soon as possible. Seismic recoverability can be defined as resistance to disasters, rapid recovery, and the ability to reduce the interference to the minimum. To estimate the economic cost, it is not only to estimate the direct economic losses caused by the earthquake, but also to estimate the loss of casualties and indirect economic losses caused by the earthquake. The indirect economic losses include the short-term losses in the disaster relief phase and the long-term loss in the reconstruction stage. By constructing functional functions, the structural damage of disaster bearing bodies, the economic loss of the initial economic loss and functional reduction, the economic loss during the restoration and reconstruction, the recovery path of the functional recovery, and the difference of the indicators of concern for different populations are taken into consideration, and the recoverability index and the recoverability are put forward by the structural function function. Two decision variables, the former measure the ability of recoverability, and the latter measure the economic benefits of recoverability. On this basis, this paper puts forward a unified evaluation system and decision machine based on the recoverable theoretical framework for different schemes and recoverable technical means. As a key node in the traffic network, the highway bridge is the key node. The seismic recoverability is very important for the restoration and reconstruction of the whole area after the earthquake. Therefore, this paper chooses a highway reinforced concrete continuous beam bridge as the research object. First, the seismic vulnerability analysis and the earthquake loss estimation are carried out. Then the seismic recoverability of the bridge is evaluated with the correlation theory of seismic recoverability. Through this work, we will provide some early research reference for the future recovery infrastructure, community, city and even the country.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U442.55

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本文編號：2008748