本文選題：快速路 + 交通事故　； 參考：《廣州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展,人民的生活水平不斷提高,全國(guó)小汽車(chē)保有量逐年急劇增加,交通需求進(jìn)一步劇增。同時(shí),快速路作為城市道路交通系統(tǒng)的“主動(dòng)脈”,是城市市區(qū)、郊區(qū)、衛(wèi)星城鎮(zhèn)及對(duì)外公路之間聯(lián)系的主要通道,需要為中長(zhǎng)距離的交通出行、對(duì)外的交通以及過(guò)境的交通提供快捷地交通服務(wù)。一旦快速路上發(fā)生交通事故,諸如追尾、碰撞、墜物等,短時(shí)間內(nèi)很難清除,這必將浪費(fèi)正常的交通資源,形成交通隱患,導(dǎo)致快速路“快而不快”。論文以交通事故條件下的快速路基本路段為研究對(duì)象,首先對(duì)交通事故的定義及其發(fā)生的原因進(jìn)行了分析,并進(jìn)一步從交通流基本參數(shù)、交通安全性、道路暢通性三個(gè)方面探討了交通事故對(duì)于正常運(yùn)行交通流的干擾。其次論文界定了交通事故條件下的快速路基本路段,探討分析了事故路段的駕駛員行為和車(chē)輛行為,運(yùn)用VISSIM軟件對(duì)交通事故進(jìn)行模擬設(shè)置,并進(jìn)一步探討了駕駛行為參數(shù)及其在交通事故前后的變化情況,以單向三車(chē)道快速路基本路段為例,研究分析了在不同占道數(shù)目、占道長(zhǎng)度及事故時(shí)長(zhǎng)下通行能力的變化,得到了不同交通事故條件下的通行能力折減系數(shù)。結(jié)果表明當(dāng)僅占據(jù)一條車(chē)道時(shí),通行能力折減系數(shù)為48.8%左右;當(dāng)占據(jù)兩條車(chē)道時(shí),事故路段的剩余通行能力不足原有的四分之一。同時(shí),隨著事故占道長(zhǎng)度的增加以及交通事故時(shí)長(zhǎng)的增加,路段通行能力損失的越嚴(yán)重,當(dāng)事故時(shí)長(zhǎng)為5-20min時(shí),事故瓶頸路段的最大實(shí)際通行能力急劇減小,交通事故時(shí)長(zhǎng)為20min時(shí)的最大實(shí)際通行能力僅為5min時(shí)的58.31%。同時(shí)進(jìn)一步研究分析了在上游車(chē)輛輸入的當(dāng)量交通量不變的情況下,事故瓶頸路段的實(shí)際通行能力會(huì)隨著車(chē)輛構(gòu)成的復(fù)雜而發(fā)生變化。最后,在對(duì)交通事故條件下快速路基本路段界定的基礎(chǔ)上,假設(shè)存在一條無(wú)形的警戒線,運(yùn)用元胞自動(dòng)機(jī)模型,對(duì)交通事故條件下的單向兩車(chē)道和單向三車(chē)道快速路基本路段分別進(jìn)行了建模,研究了交通事故前后的通行能力,并進(jìn)一步研究了限速措施下的交通流。結(jié)果表明,設(shè)計(jì)速度為100km/h的單向雙車(chē)道和單向三車(chē)道快速路基本路段在被交通事故占用一條車(chē)道時(shí),其剩余通行能力只有原有的34.33%和49.84%,同時(shí)限速長(zhǎng)度對(duì)于通行能力的影響不明顯,但是限速值則明顯影響了通行能力,當(dāng)設(shè)定為原有速度的一半即50km/h時(shí),明顯提高了通行能力。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the improvement of people's living standard, the number of cars in China is increasing rapidly year by year, and the traffic demand is increasing sharply. At the same time, the expressway, as the "aorta" of the urban road traffic system, is the main link between urban areas, suburbs, satellite towns and external highways. It requires medium and long distance transportation. External traffic and cross-border traffic provide fast transport services. Once traffic accidents occur on the expressway, such as rear-end, collision, falling objects, it is very difficult to clear them in a short time, which will waste the normal traffic resources, form traffic hidden trouble, and lead to the expressway "fast but not fast". This paper takes the basic section of expressway under the condition of traffic accident as the research object, firstly analyzes the definition of traffic accident and its causes, and further analyzes the basic parameters of traffic flow and traffic safety. The interference of traffic accidents on normal operation of traffic flow is discussed in three aspects of road smoothness. Secondly, the paper defines the basic section of expressway under the condition of traffic accident, discusses and analyzes the driver's behavior and vehicle's behavior of the accident section, and uses Visual IM software to simulate the traffic accident. The change of driving behavior parameters and their changes before and after traffic accidents are further discussed. Taking the basic section of one-way three-lane expressway as an example, the changes of the number of lanes, the length of the lane and the capacity under the accident are studied and analyzed. The capacity reduction coefficient under different traffic accident conditions is obtained. The results show that when only one lane is occupied, the capacity reduction coefficient is about 48. 8%, and when two lanes are occupied, the residual capacity of the accident section is less than 1/4 of the original one. At the same time, with the increase of the length of the road and the length of the traffic accident, the loss of traffic capacity is more serious. When the length of the accident is 5-20min, the maximum actual capacity of the bottleneck section decreases sharply. The maximum actual capacity of traffic accident with 20min is only 58.31 when 5min. At the same time, under the condition that the equivalent traffic volume input from the upstream vehicle remains unchanged, the actual capacity of the accident bottleneck section will change with the complexity of the vehicle composition. Finally, on the basis of defining the basic section of expressway under the condition of traffic accident, assuming that there is an invisible warning line, using the cellular automata model, The basic sections of one-way two-lane expressway and one-way three-lane expressway under traffic accident conditions are modeled respectively. The traffic capacity before and after the traffic accident is studied and the traffic flow under speed limit measures is further studied. The results show that the basic section of one-way two-lane and one-way three-lane expressway with design speed of 100km/h is occupied one lane by traffic accident. The residual capacity is only 34.33% and 49.84% of the original capacity, and the influence of the limit length on the capacity is not obvious, but the speed limit obviously affects the capacity. When the speed is set to half of the original speed, that is, 50km/h, the capacity is obviously improved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉凱;;基于面向?qū)ο蠹夹g(shù)的濟(jì)南市歷下區(qū)交通仿真系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)[J];黑龍江科學(xué);2018年01期

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本文編號(hào)：2003712