本文選題：可靠度 + 環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)��； 參考：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：橋梁可持續(xù)發(fā)展要綜合考慮橋梁的可靠度、環(huán)境影響與成本,促進(jìn)橋梁安全性、環(huán)境效益與成本效益的平衡,減少資源使用、減少環(huán)境污染、降低施工成本、延長(zhǎng)使用壽命。然而,當(dāng)前國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)橋梁可靠性的深入探討與研究還不夠,橋梁可靠度的影響因素還不夠明確;對(duì)橋梁環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)、成本分析還只是針對(duì)某一案例進(jìn)行;基于大數(shù)據(jù)的從橋梁可靠度、環(huán)境影響、成本綜合角度進(jìn)行橋梁可持續(xù)的研究還是空白。針對(duì)以上問題,本文根據(jù)橋梁可持續(xù)性評(píng)價(jià)理論,基于大數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行橋梁受彎構(gòu)件可靠度、環(huán)境影響與成本信息相關(guān)性的綜合研究。采用蒙特卡洛數(shù)值模擬法與改進(jìn)驗(yàn)算點(diǎn)法相結(jié)合的方法進(jìn)行橋梁受彎構(gòu)件的可靠度計(jì)算;采用生態(tài)指標(biāo)法的終點(diǎn)破壞模型,進(jìn)行橋梁受彎構(gòu)件制造與施工階段的環(huán)境影響分析;綜合橋梁建設(shè)的設(shè)備費(fèi)、人工費(fèi)、預(yù)備費(fèi)與材料費(fèi),根據(jù)建立的環(huán)境成本計(jì)算模型,進(jìn)行了橋梁受彎構(gòu)件制造與施工階段的成本分析;引入大數(shù)據(jù)處理方法最大信息相關(guān)系數(shù)(the maximal information coefficient,MIC),分析了基于大數(shù)據(jù)的橋梁受彎構(gòu)件8個(gè)尺寸參數(shù)、三類環(huán)境影響類別、成本之間的信息相關(guān)性,具體工作如下:(1)通過改變橋梁設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),進(jìn)行了 20000組新建橋梁受彎構(gòu)件的設(shè)計(jì),形成了橋梁受彎構(gòu)件數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。引入大量不確定性因子,根據(jù)建立的橋梁受彎構(gòu)件抗彎極限狀態(tài)功能函數(shù),采用蒙特卡洛數(shù)值模擬法與改進(jìn)驗(yàn)算點(diǎn)法相結(jié)合對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中受彎構(gòu)件的可靠指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算并分析了其分布類型,并且運(yùn)用主成分分析法探討了 8個(gè)尺寸參數(shù)對(duì)可靠指標(biāo)的影響。(2)對(duì)基于大數(shù)據(jù)的橋梁受彎構(gòu)件環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的目的和范圍進(jìn)行了界定,計(jì)算了生命周期清單,運(yùn)用生態(tài)指標(biāo)法的終點(diǎn)破壞模型,進(jìn)行了橋梁制造與施工階段的環(huán)境影響分析,并探討了環(huán)境影響構(gòu)成及其影響因素,經(jīng)過計(jì)算發(fā)現(xiàn)橋梁生產(chǎn)階段環(huán)境影響類別中資源能源消耗占比最大,橋梁施工階段生態(tài)系統(tǒng)損傷占比最大。(3)在進(jìn)行橋梁生命周期成本計(jì)算的過程中,不僅對(duì)基于大數(shù)據(jù)的橋梁受彎構(gòu)件進(jìn)行了材料費(fèi)、人工費(fèi)、設(shè)備費(fèi)、預(yù)備費(fèi)的分析計(jì)算,還基于環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)的生命周期清單,進(jìn)行了環(huán)境成本的探討研究,形成了基于大數(shù)據(jù)的橋梁受彎構(gòu)件成本分析模型,分析了成本構(gòu)成和影響因素。得出橋梁制造與施工階段成本構(gòu)成中,占比最大的是環(huán)境成本。(4)基于大數(shù)據(jù)的橋梁受彎構(gòu)件包含大量的指標(biāo)信息,首次將大數(shù)據(jù)處理方法的最大信息相關(guān)系數(shù)(the maximal information coefficient,MIC)引入到土木工程研究,分析了基于大數(shù)據(jù)的橋梁受彎構(gòu)件8個(gè)尺寸參數(shù)、三類環(huán)境影響類別、成本的信息相關(guān)性。經(jīng)過分析發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)成本一定時(shí),三種類別環(huán)境影響從大到小依次是資源能源消耗、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)損傷、人類健康損傷;當(dāng)梁高一定時(shí),三種類別環(huán)境影響從大到小依次是資源能源消耗、人類健康損傷、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)損傷;當(dāng)橋跨一定時(shí),三種類別環(huán)境影響從大到小依次是資源能源消耗、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)損傷、人類健康損傷。
[Abstract]:The sustainable development of bridges should consider the reliability of bridge, environmental impact and cost, promote bridge safety, balance the environmental benefits and cost benefits, reduce the use of resources, reduce environmental pollution, reduce the construction cost and prolong the service life. However, the in-depth study and study of bridge reliability at home and abroad is not enough, bridge reliability is not enough. The influence factors of the degree are not clear enough; for the bridge environmental impact assessment, the cost analysis is only for a certain case; based on the large data from the bridge reliability, the environmental impact, the cost synthesis angle to carry on the bridge sustainable research is still blank. A comprehensive study of the reliability of the flexural member of the bridge and the correlation between the environmental impact and the cost information. The reliability of the bridge subjected to bending is calculated by combining the Monte Carlo numerical simulation method with the improved checking point method, and the environment shadow of the bridge flexural member manufacturing and construction stages is carried out by the end failure model of the ecological index method. Sound analysis; equipment fee, artificial fee, preparation fee and material fee for comprehensive bridge construction. Based on the established environmental cost calculation model, the cost analysis of bridge flexural member manufacturing and construction phase is carried out. The maximum information correlation coefficient (the maximal information coefficient, MIC) is introduced to analyze large data based on large data processing method. 8 dimensional parameters of bridge flexural members, three types of environmental impact categories, and information correlation between costs, the specific work is as follows: (1) by changing the design parameters of the bridge, 20000 sets of new bridge flexural members are designed, and the database of the bridge flexural members is formed. A large number of uncertainty factors are introduced to the flexural members of the bridge. With the combination of Monte Carlo numerical simulation and improved checking point method, the reliability index of flexural members in the database is calculated and its distribution type is analyzed by using the Monte Carlo numerical simulation method and the method of principal component analysis. The effect of 8 dimensional parameters on the reliability index is discussed. (2) the flexural structure of the bridge based on large data. The purpose and scope of the environmental impact assessment are defined, the life cycle list is calculated, the end damage model of the ecological index method is used, the environmental impact analysis of the bridge manufacturing and construction stages is carried out, and the environmental impact composition and its influencing factors are discussed. The resources can be found in the environmental impact category of the bridge production stage after calculation. The ratio of source consumption is the largest, and the ratio of ecological system damage to bridge construction is the largest. (3) in the process of bridge life cycle cost calculation, the analysis and calculation of material fee, labor cost, equipment fee and preparation fee are not only carried out for bridge flexural members based on large data, but also based on the life cycle list of environmental impact assessment, and the environment is carried out. The cost analysis model of bridge flexural members based on large data is formed, and the cost composition and influence factors are analyzed. It is concluded that the largest proportion of the cost composition of bridge manufacturing and construction phase is the environmental cost. (4) large data based bridge flexural members contain large number of index information, and the large data processing party is first used for the first time. The maximum information correlation coefficient (the maximal information coefficient, MIC) is introduced into civil engineering research, and the information correlation of 8 dimensions, three types of environmental impact categories and cost is analyzed based on large data. The analysis shows that, when the cost is certain, the three categories of environmental impacts are in turn from large to small. Source energy consumption, ecosystem damage and human health damage; when the beam height is fixed at a time, the three categories of environmental impacts from large to small are resource energy consumption, human health damage, and ecosystem damage. When the bridge span is certain, the three categories of environmental impacts from large to small are resource energy consumption, ecosystem damage and human health damage in turn.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U448.34

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