本文選題：公交站點(diǎn)優(yōu)化 + 公交站點(diǎn)OD矩陣��； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的進(jìn)步和經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，我國(guó)城市化建設(shè)的進(jìn)程和汽車工業(yè)的發(fā)展也得到了有效推進(jìn)。然而縱橫交錯(cuò)的城市道路卻不能很好地疏導(dǎo)城市交通。交通擁堵、環(huán)境污染等問題日益嚴(yán)重。不僅造成了時(shí)間的浪費(fèi)、社會(huì)勞動(dòng)力的閑置，也大大降低了人們的生活質(zhì)量，影響著人們的身心健康。在可持續(xù)發(fā)展思想的指導(dǎo)下，發(fā)展公共交通倡導(dǎo)綠色出行已迫在眉睫。一方面提倡市民綠色出行，另一面也要建設(shè)符合城市需求的公共交通系統(tǒng)，而且顯然后者更為重要。只有公共交通系統(tǒng)方便市民出行、具有高水平的服務(wù)質(zhì)量，才能大大增加對(duì)乘客的吸引力。在公交線網(wǎng)規(guī)劃中，能否合理地規(guī)劃公共交通線路的走向，關(guān)系著公共交通能否充分發(fā)揮自身的作用。目前在進(jìn)行公共交通規(guī)劃時(shí)，，主要采用“四階段模型”，即出行生成、出行分布、方式劃分、客流分配，其中客流分配是十分重要的組成部分。 早晚高峰時(shí)段是交通擁堵問題最突出的時(shí)段，也是居民出行對(duì)公共交通系統(tǒng)最依賴的時(shí)段。能否找到更為有效的模型來分配高峰時(shí)段的公交客流，直接關(guān)系著公共交通系統(tǒng)能否在交通問題最突出的時(shí)段發(fā)揮綠色交通的作用。其次，以往的公交分配模型中，公交客流從交通小區(qū)質(zhì)心出發(fā)，導(dǎo)致交通小區(qū)的形狀以及交通小區(qū)質(zhì)心與道路網(wǎng)的相對(duì)位置對(duì)分配結(jié)果的影響非常大。如果能夠獲得公交站點(diǎn)間的OD矩陣，將公交站點(diǎn)間的OD矩陣分配到交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，便可以大大降低交通小區(qū)形狀以及交通小區(qū)質(zhì)心位置對(duì)公交客流分配的影響，獲得更為合理的客流分配結(jié)果。再次，對(duì)于公交站點(diǎn)規(guī)劃的合理與否不僅影響著公交線路的運(yùn)營(yíng)還影響著公交系統(tǒng)對(duì)公交乘客的吸引力，所以公交站點(diǎn)布局的優(yōu)化也是一個(gè)亟待解決的問題。 為此本文依托國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目“基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)浜徒煌〒矶路治龅墓痪W(wǎng)絡(luò)生成優(yōu)化模型與算法研究（51378237）”，在國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的基礎(chǔ)上，基于圖論、庫(kù)侖定律、超網(wǎng)絡(luò)等理論，對(duì)公交站點(diǎn)優(yōu)化和高峰時(shí)段公交客流分配進(jìn)行研究，以公交站點(diǎn)OD生成為切入點(diǎn)，分別進(jìn)行了基于庫(kù)侖定律的公交站點(diǎn)OD矩陣生成、軌道交通站間距優(yōu)化模型與算法、基于超網(wǎng)絡(luò)的常規(guī)公交站點(diǎn)優(yōu)化模型和高峰時(shí)段公交客流分配的Logit模型改進(jìn)研究。本文所完成的科研成果具體如下： 1.對(duì)公交站點(diǎn)間OD矩陣生成模型進(jìn)行研究。首先分析了公交站點(diǎn)對(duì)公交客流吸引強(qiáng)度的特性，應(yīng)用庫(kù)侖定律，將公交站點(diǎn)類比為帶電體，根據(jù)公交站點(diǎn)的空間分布情況，計(jì)算不同站點(diǎn)間引力和斥力，從而分別建立了交通小區(qū)間公交站點(diǎn)OD矩陣和交通小區(qū)內(nèi)公交站點(diǎn)OD矩陣的求解模型。再分析不同公交方式站點(diǎn)的服務(wù)特性，引入不均衡系數(shù)對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。最后，對(duì)模型中的靈敏度系數(shù)進(jìn)行了分析和求解。 2.對(duì)軌道交通站間距優(yōu)化進(jìn)行研究。首先對(duì)擬建城市規(guī)劃區(qū)邊界的形狀進(jìn)行了分析，將城市分為三種形態(tài)，并引入了城市半徑來衡量城市的地域規(guī)模。根據(jù)軌道交通各級(jí)線路相關(guān)技術(shù)特性將線路分為兩個(gè)類別，分別建立了基于城市規(guī)模的軌道交通平均站間距模型，并通過對(duì)靈敏度系數(shù)的分析對(duì)模型進(jìn)行了求解。再根據(jù)線路途經(jīng)區(qū)域能否建設(shè)站點(diǎn)，將線路分為可行區(qū)、交叉區(qū)和連接區(qū)，然后再根據(jù)線路途徑區(qū)域的土地性質(zhì)及客流量將站點(diǎn)分為三個(gè)等級(jí)，分析站點(diǎn)的理想位置是否在可行區(qū)域中，建立了逐級(jí)確定軌道交通站點(diǎn)位置模型。 3.對(duì)常規(guī)公交站點(diǎn)優(yōu)化進(jìn)行研究。首先將交通小區(qū)細(xì)分為源小區(qū)，并定義了連接道路和節(jié)點(diǎn)。再用超圖表述了不同等級(jí)道路、不同規(guī)模的源小區(qū)與不同節(jié)點(diǎn)之間的關(guān)系。將源小區(qū)按照區(qū)域規(guī)模和人口規(guī)模各分為三個(gè)等級(jí)，再綜合考慮小區(qū)的區(qū)域規(guī)模和人口規(guī)模，根據(jù)矩陣的對(duì)角相似性，將源小區(qū)規(guī)模分為五個(gè)等級(jí)。將城市道路分為四個(gè)等級(jí)，將站點(diǎn)分為五個(gè)等級(jí)，并對(duì)站點(diǎn)超圖進(jìn)行了子圖劃分。根據(jù)源小區(qū)、道路、常規(guī)公交備選站點(diǎn)三者超圖的關(guān)系，求解不同節(jié)點(diǎn)的權(quán)重。最后在節(jié)點(diǎn)子圖中逐級(jí)優(yōu)化站點(diǎn)，并求解了較小源小區(qū)站點(diǎn)數(shù)的權(quán)重。 4.對(duì)高峰時(shí)段公交客流分配的Logit模型改進(jìn)研究。首先對(duì)站點(diǎn)的擁擠程度進(jìn)行了分析，并對(duì)站點(diǎn)滯留系數(shù)進(jìn)行了定義和求解。然后從乘客出行時(shí)間函數(shù)、乘客換乘懲罰函數(shù)、線路發(fā)車間隔三個(gè)方面對(duì)Logit模型進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)。再根據(jù)站點(diǎn)擁擠情況及公交站點(diǎn)間有、無直達(dá)線路，將公交站點(diǎn)分為有直達(dá)線路的不擁擠站點(diǎn)、無直達(dá)線路的不擁擠站點(diǎn)、擁擠站點(diǎn)三類，分別建立Logit模型求解模型。最后通過實(shí)例，分析了參數(shù)和T f對(duì)分配結(jié)果的影響，對(duì)模型的參數(shù)ω和ωm ax進(jìn)行了標(biāo)定。 5.依托《白城市城市公共交通專項(xiàng)規(guī)劃（2014-2030）》的項(xiàng)目成果，對(duì)本文建立的模型和算法進(jìn)行實(shí)證。首先分析了白城市2030年城市總體規(guī)劃和公交線網(wǎng)規(guī)劃的概況。然后對(duì)輕軌線路站點(diǎn)布局和常規(guī)公交站點(diǎn)布局進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化。然后根據(jù)公交站點(diǎn)的優(yōu)化結(jié)果，分別求解了不同交通小區(qū)內(nèi)公交站點(diǎn)的距離矩陣，并求解了公交站點(diǎn)OD生成模型中站點(diǎn)的相關(guān)系數(shù)，將交通小區(qū)之間的OD矩陣轉(zhuǎn)換為公交站點(diǎn)間的OD矩陣。再結(jié)合公交站點(diǎn)途經(jīng)線路的情況，對(duì)公交站點(diǎn)的擁擠程度進(jìn)行了判定，最后，運(yùn)用改進(jìn)的Logit模型進(jìn)行了客流分配，并將模型的分配結(jié)果與項(xiàng)目的分配結(jié)果進(jìn)行了對(duì)比分析。 本文的研究成果可豐富公共交通規(guī)劃理論體系，可為公交系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃提供更為準(zhǔn)確的堅(jiān)實(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)支撐，同時(shí)對(duì)完善城市公共交通系統(tǒng)的建設(shè)也有較高的理論價(jià)值和實(shí)際意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the society and the rapid development of economy , the process of urbanization and the development of automobile industry have also been effectively promoted . However , the traffic jam and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious . In the planning of public transport , it is more important to develop public transport system which accords with the city needs .

The peak period of traffic congestion is the most prominent time period of traffic jam , and it is the most important period for residents to travel to the public transport system . The effect of traffic cell shape and the relative position of traffic cell centroid and road network can be greatly reduced .

Based on the theory of network topology and traffic congestion analysis , the paper studies the bus station optimization and bus passenger flow distribution based on the theory of graph theory , Coulomb ' s law and super - network based on the national natural science fund project . Based on the theories of graph theory , Coulomb ' s law and super - network , the paper studies the bus station OD matrix generation , the rail transit station spacing optimization model and the algorithm based on the Coulomb ' s law , and improves the study of Logit model based on the conventional bus station optimization model and the peak period transit passenger flow distribution based on the super - network . The research achievements completed in this paper are as follows :

1 . The model of OD matrix generation between bus stations is studied . Firstly , the characteristics of bus station ' s attraction strength to bus passenger flow are analyzed . According to the Coulomb ' s law , the attraction and repulsive force between different sites are calculated according to the space distribution of the bus station . The model of OD matrix and OD matrix of the bus in the small traffic area is established . Finally , the sensitivity coefficients in the model are analyzed and solved .

2 . The distance optimization of urban rail transit station is studied . Firstly , the shape of the boundary of urban planning area is analyzed , and the urban radius is introduced to measure the geographical size of the city . According to the technical characteristics of the line at all levels , the model is divided into two categories , the line is divided into two categories : feasible area , intersection area and connection area , then the site can be divided into three levels according to the land property and passenger flow of the route region .

3 . Research on the optimization of regular bus station . Firstly , the traffic cell is divided into source cell , and the connection road and node are defined . The relation between source cell and different nodes of different grade roads and different scale is described by using hypergraph . The source cell is divided into five grades according to the regional scale and population size . The sub - map of the different nodes is calculated according to the relationship between the source cell , the road and the general public transport alternative site . Finally , the station is optimized in the node sub - graph and the weight of the number of the smaller source cell sites is solved .

4 . The Logit model of bus passenger flow distribution in the rush hour period is improved . Firstly , the congestion degree of the station is analyzed , and the site retention coefficient is defined and solved . Then , the Logit model is improved from three aspects : passenger travel time function , passenger transfer penalty function and line departure interval . Based on the situation of site congestion and the three types of bus stations , the Logit model is established . Finally , the influence of parameters and T f on the distribution result is analyzed . The parameters 蠅 and 蠅m ax of the model are calibrated .

5 . Based on the project results of urban public transport special planning ( 2014 - 2030 ) , the paper makes an empirical study on the model and algorithm established in this paper . First , the paper analyses the general situation of urban planning and bus network planning in the city of white city by 2030 . Then , according to the optimization results of the bus station , the distance matrix of bus stations in different traffic areas is optimized . Then , according to the bus station ' s optimization results , the congestion degree of the bus station is determined . Finally , the improved Logit model is applied to the passenger flow distribution , and the distribution result of the model is compared with the allocation result of the project .

The research results can enrich the theoretical system of public transport planning , provide more accurate data support for the planning of public transport system , and also have higher theoretical value and practical significance for improving the construction of urban public transport system .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491.17

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