本文選題：交通安全 + 草原公路　； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：內(nèi)蒙古草原公路景觀環(huán)境比較單調(diào)、交通量小,具有線形結(jié)構(gòu)單一、平曲線半徑大、縱坡小、直線距離長(zhǎng)的特點(diǎn),駕駛員在行車過程中會(huì)不自覺的產(chǎn)生加速行為,一旦遇到線形變化,誘導(dǎo)信息的不充分極易導(dǎo)致交通事故的發(fā)生。草原公路現(xiàn)采用的普通線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志難以滿足正常行車時(shí)駕駛員的視覺刺激需要,誘導(dǎo)強(qiáng)度低,使得駕駛員來不及對(duì)前方線形變化做充足的心生理準(zhǔn)備。本研究從改善現(xiàn)有的普通線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志的誘導(dǎo)效果出發(fā),以典型的草原景觀道路為研究對(duì)象,在模擬的草原公路行車場(chǎng)景中進(jìn)行駕駛實(shí)驗(yàn)。首先設(shè)計(jì)具有三維立體感的線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志,通過定性和定量的分析方法得到適宜的基本屬性設(shè)置,組合視錯(cuò)覺減速標(biāo)線,并篩選不同線形條件下效果較佳的三維線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志和減速標(biāo)線組合,對(duì)照普通線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志,分別分析駕駛員在三維線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志和減速標(biāo)線組合場(chǎng)景和普通線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志場(chǎng)景下的眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)變化規(guī)律,為優(yōu)化草原公路曲線段交通安全設(shè)施的鋪設(shè)提供參考和建議,本文的研究結(jié)論如下:(1)通過層次分析法和駕駛員主觀調(diào)查問卷分析,得出效果較佳、尺寸適宜的三維線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志圖案顏色組合、三維效果方向、旋轉(zhuǎn)角度和板面尺寸。分析并比較三維線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志和減速標(biāo)線的篩選結(jié)果,分別得到三種三維線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志和三種視錯(cuò)覺減速標(biāo)線的應(yīng)用效果優(yōu)劣次序。(2)將20名被試在普通線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志場(chǎng)景和標(biāo)志標(biāo)線組合場(chǎng)景中所有曲線段上的眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)平均,得到駕駛員眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)閾值,認(rèn)為該閾值能夠反映駕駛員在典型草原景觀道路行車時(shí)眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)的整體變化幅度水平,即可定義為草原公路駕駛員正常駕駛狀態(tài)下眼動(dòng)指標(biāo)變化的參照集中區(qū)間。(3)在300m、900m、1500m曲線段(包括左、右轉(zhuǎn)),三維線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志和減速標(biāo)線組合設(shè)置時(shí)駕駛員的整體注意力水平(瞳孔直徑)均在普通線形誘導(dǎo)標(biāo)志設(shè)置之上,平均認(rèn)知水平(注視持續(xù)時(shí)間)均符合駕駛員的視覺合理性要求,其中,減速標(biāo)線的應(yīng)用效果較為突出。(4)駕駛員在不同半徑大小、不同轉(zhuǎn)彎方向的曲線段行駛時(shí)呈現(xiàn)不同的視覺特性和心生理狀態(tài)。左轉(zhuǎn)彎條件下,半徑越小,駕駛員所需的認(rèn)知努力較高,需要標(biāo)志標(biāo)線組合才能充分滿足駕駛員的視覺誘導(dǎo)需要,半徑越大,駕駛員在曲線段的行車心理壓力較小,適當(dāng)鋪設(shè)減速標(biāo)線即可有效改善交通安全;右轉(zhuǎn)彎條件下,標(biāo)志標(biāo)線組合在所有曲線段均能滿足駕駛員的視覺誘導(dǎo)需要,且符合眼動(dòng)變化合理性要求,可根據(jù)實(shí)際需要合理選用。
[Abstract]:Inner Mongolia steppe highway landscape environment is relatively monotonous, the traffic volume is small, has the linear structure single, the plane curve radius is big, the longitudinal slope is small, the straight line distance is long, the driver will unconsciously produce the acceleration behavior in the driving process. Once the linear change is encountered, the insufficient inductive information can easily lead to traffic accidents. It is difficult to meet the needs of visual stimulation of drivers when driving normally, and the inductive intensity is low, which makes the drivers have no time to make sufficient psychological and physiological preparation for the linear changes in the front of the steppe highway. In order to improve the inductive effect of the existing linear guidance signs, the typical grassland landscape road was used as the research object, and the driving experiment was carried out in the simulated prairie road driving scene. First of all, the linear induction mark with three-dimensional sense is designed, and the suitable basic attribute setting is obtained by qualitative and quantitative analysis, and the deceleration mark of optical illusion is combined. Under different linear conditions, the better combination of 3D linear induction mark and deceleration mark was screened, and compared with the common linear induced mark, The change law of eye movement index of drivers under the combination scene of 3D linear guidance sign and deceleration mark and common linear guide sign scene is analyzed respectively, which provides reference and suggestions for optimizing the laying of traffic safety facilities in the curve section of grassland highway. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the subjective questionnaire analysis of the driver, it is found that the effect is better, the color combination of 3D linear inductive logo pattern, the direction of 3D effect, the rotation angle and the size of plate are obtained. To analyze and compare the screening results of 3D linear induced marks and deceleration marks, The order of application effect of three kinds of linear guide mark and three kinds of optical illusion deceleration mark were obtained respectively. The 20 subjects' eye movement index data on all the curve segments in the common linear inductive mark scene and the mark combination scene were averaged. The threshold value of driver's eye movement index is obtained, and it is considered that the threshold value can reflect the whole change level of the driver's eye movement index when driving on typical grassland landscape road. It can be defined as the reference concentration range of change of eye movement index under normal driving condition of steppe highway driver. Turning right, the overall attention level (pupil diameter) of the driver is above the common linear guide mark set when the combination of three dimensional linear induction sign and deceleration mark is set, the overall attention level (pupil diameter) of the driver is above the normal linear guide mark setting. The average cognitive level (fixation duration) met the visual rationality requirement of the driver, among which, the application effect of deceleration mark was more prominent. The curve segments with different turning directions show different visual characteristics and physiological state of mind. Under the condition of left turn, the smaller the radius is, the higher the cognitive effort of driver is, and the combination of marks and marks is needed to fully meet the needs of visual guidance of driver. The larger the radius, the smaller the psychological pressure of driver driving in the curve section. Under the condition of right turn, the combination of mark and mark in all curve sections can meet the needs of the driver's vision guidance, and meet the reasonable requirement of eye movement change. Can be reasonably selected according to the actual needs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：U491.25

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