本文選題：船閘下閘首 + 模型試驗(yàn)　； 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著地方經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,鹽邵船閘過閘貨運(yùn)量的逐年加大,使船閘本身的引航道尺度不能很好滿足過閘船舶停泊、待閘的運(yùn)行要求。雖然船閘已經(jīng)處于24小時(shí)滿負(fù)荷運(yùn)行狀態(tài)但仍有大量船舶滯留于引航道口門水域,航道的通暢及進(jìn)出船閘船舶的航行安全受到了嚴(yán)重的影響。船閘下閘首是船閘出口與河道自由航行河段起樞紐作用的區(qū)域,它的水流條件的好壞將直接影響到過閘船舶的安全。本文根據(jù)重力相似的原理制作了試驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ?通過多種測(cè)量手段測(cè)定引航道不同斷面上流速,分別得到了各種工況的流速分布情況。采用化學(xué)試劑和塑料懸浮粒子分別得到各工況的水流的底層和面層流場(chǎng)分布狀況。試驗(yàn)表明在添加弧形導(dǎo)航墻的工程措施情況下可以消除下閘首出口處的淤積區(qū),但是由于過流斷面的減小,致使水流的動(dòng)能增大。在前面試驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上增加1.0 m深消力池工程措施,可使縱向和回流速度減小,說明消力池對(duì)消除引航道口門區(qū)的水流能量是有效的。通過數(shù)值模擬計(jì)算對(duì)下閘首出口的水流結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行三維數(shù)值模擬,模擬了原狀工況、導(dǎo)航墻工況、不同深度消力池工況,分別得到了下閘首的流速分布云圖、流速矢量圖、水流流線圖,并對(duì)不同縱剖面的流速以及能量分布進(jìn)行對(duì)比。模擬結(jié)果顯示由于增加了消力池,船閘下閘首下游水深變大,水流沿水深方向的擴(kuò)散調(diào)整更充分,使閘室下游引航道左側(cè)平面上的回流變小,流速也相對(duì)減小。同時(shí)隨著消力池深度的增加以及消力池長(zhǎng)度的增大,下游引航道左側(cè)平面上的回流區(qū)域越來越小,流速也逐漸的降低。本文研究的結(jié)果將用于改善過閘船舶的待閘條件,以及緩解由于引航道標(biāo)準(zhǔn)偏低而引發(fā)船舶待閘、過閘的安全隱患,減小船閘安全運(yùn)行管理的困難,同時(shí)也為我省類似船閘的改造和管理供依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of local economy, the cargo volume of Yan-Shao Shiplock is increasing year by year, which makes the channel size of the shiplock itself unable to meet the requirements of berthing and waiting for lock. Although the shiplock is already in the state of full load in 24 hours, a large number of ships are still stranded in the entrance of the approach channel. The unobstructed channel and the safety of navigation of the ship entering and leaving the lock have been seriously affected. The lower lock head is a pivotal area between the gate outlet and the free navigation reach of the river course, and its water flow condition will directly affect the safety of the ship passing through the lock. In this paper, according to the principle of gravity similarity, the experimental model is made, and the velocity distribution on different sections of approach channel is determined by various means of measurement, and the distribution of velocity under various working conditions is obtained respectively. The distribution of the flow field in the bottom layer and the surface layer of the flow was obtained by using the chemical reagent and the plastic suspended particle respectively. The test results show that the silt area at the outlet of the lower sluice head can be eliminated by adding the engineering measures of the arc navigation wall, but the kinetic energy of the flow can be increased because of the decrease of the cross section. On the basis of the previous tests, the longitudinal and reflux velocity can be reduced by adding 1.0 m deep stilling pool engineering measures, which shows that the stilling pool is effective in eliminating the flow energy in the entrance area of the approach channel. The flow structure at the outlet of the lower sluice head is simulated by numerical simulation. The flow velocity distribution cloud diagram and velocity vector diagram of the lower sluice head are obtained by simulating the conditions of the original condition, the navigation wall condition and the different depth stilling pool. The velocity and energy distribution of different longitudinal sections are compared. The simulation results show that due to the increase of the stilling pool, the downstream water depth of the shiplock head becomes larger, and the diffusion adjustment along the water depth direction is more adequate, which makes the circumfluence on the left plane of the downstream approach channel of the lock chamber smaller and the velocity of velocity relatively lower. At the same time, with the increase of the depth of the stilling pool and the length of the stilling pool, the return area on the left plane of the downstream approach channel becomes smaller and smaller, and the velocity of flow decreases gradually. The results of this paper will be used to improve the conditions of waiting for the lock of the shiplock ship, and to alleviate the hidden trouble of the ship waiting for the lock and the safety of the lock caused by the lower standard of the approach channel, and to reduce the difficulty of the safe operation management of the lock. At the same time, it also provides the basis for the reconstruction and management of similar locks in our province.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U641

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