發(fā)布時間：2018-04-10 00:10

  本文選題：定制公交　切入點：IC卡數(shù)據(jù)　出處：《北京交通大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了緩解大城市和特大城市地面交通擁堵狀況,滿足乘客多元化出行需求,一種基于需求響應(yīng)的公共交通服務(wù)應(yīng)運而生,即為定制公交,它為出行者提供了快速高效直達的舒適性服務(wù)。然而,當下定制公交服務(wù)平臺需求獲取方法單一,以致存在眾多潛在需求;而考慮到公交運營商的經(jīng)濟利益,導致定制公交的線路設(shè)置、開行方案及運營模式的不合理,造成供不應(yīng)求、資源浪費、服務(wù)水平下降等問題。隨著大數(shù)據(jù)時代的到來,交通大數(shù)據(jù)為智能交通的發(fā)展帶來了新的機遇。本文通過IC卡數(shù)據(jù)獲取乘客出行信息,分析研究乘客出行特征,根據(jù)出行特點進行定制公交線路優(yōu)化設(shè)計,旨在為定制公交的線路設(shè)計提供理論支持,目的是滿足乘客出行需求,減少出行時間并兼顧運營商利益,實現(xiàn)多元化公共交通系統(tǒng)中的高效直達服務(wù)。論文主要工作和創(chuàng)新點如下:(1)基于IC卡數(shù)據(jù)的需求獲取研究。依據(jù)公交IC卡數(shù)據(jù)、公交站點信息和公交線路信息,通過將數(shù)據(jù)進行融合,運用數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理、出行鏈OD測算方法、站點匹配算法及OD站點識別算法等手段獲取乘客出行信息,對站點間的客流量進行統(tǒng)計,得到客流OD矩陣;并獲取早高峰時段客流量數(shù)據(jù),為定制公交線路開行與優(yōu)化提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。(2)乘客出行特征分析研究依據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)處理得到的OD數(shù)據(jù),進行乘客出行空間特征分析研究,通過計算乘客出行距離、各時段站點客流等數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合站點信息繪制起訖點分布圖、站點流量圖、運距分布圖、客流源匯區(qū)和OD流圖,依據(jù)圖像總結(jié)乘客出行規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)早高峰客流源區(qū)集中在城市外圍的住宅區(qū)域,匯區(qū)多為商業(yè)區(qū)及地鐵站,流向呈四周向中心匯集,且客流量在時間及空間分布上較為集中,適合開行定制公交。(3)定制公交的線路優(yōu)化研究基于乘客出行特征對定制公交線路優(yōu)化進行建模,依據(jù)站點客流量設(shè)計定制公交開行標準,從出行者利益和定制公交運營系統(tǒng)的角度出發(fā),以出行者出行成本最小、運營商運營成本最小為目標建模,考慮定制公交"直達、零換乘"的特點,結(jié)合車輛數(shù)、線路長度、車型配置、停靠站點數(shù)等影響因素設(shè)置約束條件。在算例求解中,分別采用遺傳算法和分支切割法驗證算法有效性,并針對實際客流情況,采用遺傳算法進行線路優(yōu)化求解及數(shù)值結(jié)果分析,分析結(jié)果表明車速、�？空军c數(shù)及線路長度對結(jié)果均有影響,文章最后通過相關(guān)指標進行路網(wǎng)優(yōu)化性能評價,結(jié)果表明本文所采用的線路優(yōu)化方法在滿足乘客出行的基礎(chǔ)上,可有效減少運營商運營成本。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the ground traffic congestion in large cities and mega-cities and meet the diversified travel needs of passengers, a kind of public transport service based on demand response emerged as the times require, that is, customized public transport.It provides a fast, efficient and direct comfort service for travelers.However, the demand acquisition method of customized bus service platform is single, and there are many potential needs. Considering the economic interests of public transport operators, it leads to the unreasonable route setting, operation plan and operation mode of customized public transportation.Causes the supply to exceed the demand, the resources waste, the service level drops and so on question.With the arrival of big data era, traffic big data brings new opportunities for the development of intelligent transportation.This paper obtains passenger travel information through IC card data, analyzes and studies passenger travel characteristics, and optimizes the design of customized bus lines according to the travel characteristics, in order to provide theoretical support for the route design of customized public transport.The purpose is to meet the passenger travel demand, reduce travel time and take into account the interests of operators, and realize efficient direct service in diversified public transport systems.The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows: 1) the research of demand acquisition based on IC card data.According to bus IC card data, bus station information and bus line information, passenger travel information is obtained by means of data pre-processing, travel chain OD calculation method, station matching algorithm and OD station identification algorithm.According to the statistics of passenger flow between stations, the OD matrix of passenger flow is obtained, and the data of passenger flow during the morning rush hour is obtained, which provides data support for the operation and optimization of customized bus lines.) the analysis of passenger travel characteristics is based on the OD data obtained by data processing.Through the analysis of passenger travel space characteristics, through the calculation of passenger travel distance, station passenger flow data, combined with the site information to draw the distribution of point, station flow, distance distribution, passenger flow source area and OD flow map,According to the pattern of passenger travel, it is found that the source area of early peak passenger flow is concentrated in the residential area outside the city, the converging area is mostly commercial district and subway station, and the flow direction is gathered around the center, and the passenger flow is concentrated in time and space distribution.Research on route optimization of custom-made public transport based on passenger travel characteristics, the customized bus route optimization is modeled and customized bus operation standard is designed according to the passenger flow of the station.From the point of view of travelers' interests and customized bus operation system, taking the minimum travel cost of travelers and the minimum operating cost of operators as the objective modeling, considering the characteristics of "direct, zero transfer" of custom public transport, combined with the number of vehicles, the length of the line,Vehicle configuration, number of stops and other factors to set constraints.In the example solving, the genetic algorithm and the branch cutting method are used to verify the validity of the algorithm, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the route optimization problem and the numerical results are analyzed according to the actual passenger flow. The analysis results show that the speed of the algorithm is very high.The number of stops and the length of the line have an effect on the results. Finally, the performance evaluation of the road network optimization is carried out through the relevant indicators. The results show that the route optimization method adopted in this paper is based on the passenger travel.Can effectively reduce operator operating costs.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U491.17

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