本文選題：定制公交　切入點(diǎn)：IC卡數(shù)據(jù)　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了緩解大城市和特大城市地面交通擁堵?tīng)顩r,滿足乘客多元化出行需求,一種基于需求響應(yīng)的公共交通服務(wù)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生,即為定制公交,它為出行者提供了快速高效直達(dá)的舒適性服務(wù)。然而,當(dāng)下定制公交服務(wù)平臺(tái)需求獲取方法單一,以致存在眾多潛在需求;而考慮到公交運(yùn)營(yíng)商的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益,導(dǎo)致定制公交的線路設(shè)置、開(kāi)行方案及運(yùn)營(yíng)模式的不合理,造成供不應(yīng)求、資源浪費(fèi)、服務(wù)水平下降等問(wèn)題。隨著大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代的到來(lái),交通大數(shù)據(jù)為智能交通的發(fā)展帶來(lái)了新的機(jī)遇。本文通過(guò)IC卡數(shù)據(jù)獲取乘客出行信息,分析研究乘客出行特征,根據(jù)出行特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行定制公交線路優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),旨在為定制公交的線路設(shè)計(jì)提供理論支持,目的是滿足乘客出行需求,減少出行時(shí)間并兼顧運(yùn)營(yíng)商利益,實(shí)現(xiàn)多元化公共交通系統(tǒng)中的高效直達(dá)服務(wù)。論文主要工作和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:(1)基于IC卡數(shù)據(jù)的需求獲取研究。依據(jù)公交IC卡數(shù)據(jù)、公交站點(diǎn)信息和公交線路信息,通過(guò)將數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行融合,運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)預(yù)處理、出行鏈OD測(cè)算方法、站點(diǎn)匹配算法及OD站點(diǎn)識(shí)別算法等手段獲取乘客出行信息,對(duì)站點(diǎn)間的客流量進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì),得到客流OD矩陣;并獲取早高峰時(shí)段客流量數(shù)據(jù),為定制公交線路開(kāi)行與優(yōu)化提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。(2)乘客出行特征分析研究依據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)處理得到的OD數(shù)據(jù),進(jìn)行乘客出行空間特征分析研究,通過(guò)計(jì)算乘客出行距離、各時(shí)段站點(diǎn)客流等數(shù)據(jù),結(jié)合站點(diǎn)信息繪制起訖點(diǎn)分布圖、站點(diǎn)流量圖、運(yùn)距分布圖、客流源匯區(qū)和OD流圖,依據(jù)圖像總結(jié)乘客出行規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)早高峰客流源區(qū)集中在城市外圍的住宅區(qū)域,匯區(qū)多為商業(yè)區(qū)及地鐵站,流向呈四周向中心匯集,且客流量在時(shí)間及空間分布上較為集中,適合開(kāi)行定制公交。(3)定制公交的線路優(yōu)化研究基于乘客出行特征對(duì)定制公交線路優(yōu)化進(jìn)行建模,依據(jù)站點(diǎn)客流量設(shè)計(jì)定制公交開(kāi)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn),從出行者利益和定制公交運(yùn)營(yíng)系統(tǒng)的角度出發(fā),以出行者出行成本最小、運(yùn)營(yíng)商運(yùn)營(yíng)成本最小為目標(biāo)建模,考慮定制公交"直達(dá)、零換乘"的特點(diǎn),結(jié)合車(chē)輛數(shù)、線路長(zhǎng)度、車(chē)型配置、停靠站點(diǎn)數(shù)等影響因素設(shè)置約束條件。在算例求解中,分別采用遺傳算法和分支切割法驗(yàn)證算法有效性,并針對(duì)實(shí)際客流情況,采用遺傳算法進(jìn)行線路優(yōu)化求解及數(shù)值結(jié)果分析,分析結(jié)果表明車(chē)速、�？空军c(diǎn)數(shù)及線路長(zhǎng)度對(duì)結(jié)果均有影響,文章最后通過(guò)相關(guān)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行路網(wǎng)優(yōu)化性能評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明本文所采用的線路優(yōu)化方法在滿足乘客出行的基礎(chǔ)上,可有效減少運(yùn)營(yíng)商運(yùn)營(yíng)成本。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate the ground traffic congestion in large cities and mega-cities and meet the diversified travel needs of passengers, a kind of public transport service based on demand response emerged as the times require, that is, customized public transport.It provides a fast, efficient and direct comfort service for travelers.However, the demand acquisition method of customized bus service platform is single, and there are many potential needs. Considering the economic interests of public transport operators, it leads to the unreasonable route setting, operation plan and operation mode of customized public transportation.Causes the supply to exceed the demand, the resources waste, the service level drops and so on question.With the arrival of big data era, traffic big data brings new opportunities for the development of intelligent transportation.This paper obtains passenger travel information through IC card data, analyzes and studies passenger travel characteristics, and optimizes the design of customized bus lines according to the travel characteristics, in order to provide theoretical support for the route design of customized public transport.The purpose is to meet the passenger travel demand, reduce travel time and take into account the interests of operators, and realize efficient direct service in diversified public transport systems.The main work and innovation of this paper are as follows: 1) the research of demand acquisition based on IC card data.According to bus IC card data, bus station information and bus line information, passenger travel information is obtained by means of data pre-processing, travel chain OD calculation method, station matching algorithm and OD station identification algorithm.According to the statistics of passenger flow between stations, the OD matrix of passenger flow is obtained, and the data of passenger flow during the morning rush hour is obtained, which provides data support for the operation and optimization of customized bus lines.) the analysis of passenger travel characteristics is based on the OD data obtained by data processing.Through the analysis of passenger travel space characteristics, through the calculation of passenger travel distance, station passenger flow data, combined with the site information to draw the distribution of point, station flow, distance distribution, passenger flow source area and OD flow map,According to the pattern of passenger travel, it is found that the source area of early peak passenger flow is concentrated in the residential area outside the city, the converging area is mostly commercial district and subway station, and the flow direction is gathered around the center, and the passenger flow is concentrated in time and space distribution.Research on route optimization of custom-made public transport based on passenger travel characteristics, the customized bus route optimization is modeled and customized bus operation standard is designed according to the passenger flow of the station.From the point of view of travelers' interests and customized bus operation system, taking the minimum travel cost of travelers and the minimum operating cost of operators as the objective modeling, considering the characteristics of "direct, zero transfer" of custom public transport, combined with the number of vehicles, the length of the line,Vehicle configuration, number of stops and other factors to set constraints.In the example solving, the genetic algorithm and the branch cutting method are used to verify the validity of the algorithm, and the genetic algorithm is used to solve the route optimization problem and the numerical results are analyzed according to the actual passenger flow. The analysis results show that the speed of the algorithm is very high.The number of stops and the length of the line have an effect on the results. Finally, the performance evaluation of the road network optimization is carried out through the relevant indicators. The results show that the route optimization method adopted in this paper is based on the passenger travel.Can effectively reduce operator operating costs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U491.17

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 裴明陽(yáng);靳文舟;張偉罡;;實(shí)時(shí)預(yù)約定制公交服務(wù)可行性分析[J];公路與汽運(yùn);2016年05期

2 高志剛;;一類(lèi)定制公交線路優(yōu)化模型[J];科技經(jīng)濟(jì)導(dǎo)刊;2016年26期

3 孫慈嘉;李嘉偉;凌興宏;;基于云計(jì)算的公交OD矩陣構(gòu)建方法[J];江蘇大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2016年04期

4 李彬;楊銘;肖潤(rùn)謀;;基于乘客接受度的定制公交票價(jià)分析[J];中國(guó)科技論文;2016年07期

5 馬繼輝;余明捷;涂文苑;;定制公交線路開(kāi)行方案研究[J];城市公共交通;2016年03期

6 唐語(yǔ)灝;;基于手機(jī)信令大數(shù)據(jù)獲取城市居民OD特征的新方法[J];信息通信;2016年02期

7 WANG Ya;DU Bowen;RONG Qiannan;LIN Xia;;Travel Patterns Analysis of Urban Residents Using Automated Fare Collection System[J];Chinese Journal of Electronics;2016年01期

8 陸化普;孫智源;屈聞聰;;大數(shù)據(jù)及其在城市智能交通系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用綜述[J];交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)工程與信息;2015年05期

9 宋竹;秦志光;徐進(jìn);吳斗;;基于公交IC卡數(shù)據(jù)的大規(guī)模OD矩陣推導(dǎo)算法研究[J];計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用研究;2016年07期

10 徐光明;史峰;羅湘;秦進(jìn);;基于策略均衡分配的公交線網(wǎng)規(guī)劃優(yōu)化方法[J];交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)工程與信息;2015年03期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 張敏捷;馮Pr;呂晨曦;郭t，

本文編號(hào)：1728781