本文選題：交通工程　切入點：合乘優(yōu)先　出處：《北京交通大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城市人口和機動車數(shù)量的增加,有限的道路資源越來越難以滿足城市居民旺盛的出行需求。作為一種新興的出行方式,合乘出行在國外交通需求管理實踐中已被證明是緩解擁堵、調(diào)控需求的有效手段之一 為了探索合乘出行及合乘優(yōu)先在我國城市推廣的可行性,本文應(yīng)用交通流元胞自動機理論建模并仿真分析合乘優(yōu)先條件下城市道路混合交通流的運行狀況,模型效果評價中兼顧燃油消耗和尾氣排放指標,對比在路段和交叉口應(yīng)用合乘優(yōu)先與否情況下的交通效益。本研究主要包括以下內(nèi)容： (1)詳細分析了合乘出行及合乘優(yōu)先的影響因素,建立了包括交通運行、燃油消耗、尾氣排放在內(nèi)的城市道路混合交通流運行效果評價指標體系。其中,交通運行指標主要考慮了交通流量、平均運行速度、車輛延誤和排隊長度。 (2)深入剖析了車輛跟馳和換道行為,根據(jù)非線性刺激反應(yīng)理論計算加速度,改進了經(jīng)典元胞自動機模型,提出了謹慎駕駛跟馳模型;推導了考慮前后車車型和速度差的車輛自由換道概率計算公式,構(gòu)建了無專用車道、有公交車道且只允許公交通行、有公交車道并允許合乘小汽車通行三種交通管理措施下的路段交通流元胞自動機模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對上述三種情況下的交通效益進行了仿真對比。仿真結(jié)果表明,合乘優(yōu)先措施下路段的交通運行效益最佳。 (3)詳細描述了平面信號交叉口進口道的車輛運行行為,將進口道細分為近端禁止換道段、中間段頻繁換道段和遠端路段,推導了考慮車輛轉(zhuǎn)向需求和車道屬性的車輛強制換道概率計算公式,制定了交織區(qū)各流向車流的運行和演化規(guī)則,構(gòu)建了平面信號交叉口的分段交通流元胞自動機模型。在此基礎(chǔ)上,對單個交叉口紅燈早斷式合乘優(yōu)先信號的控制方式及效果進行了仿真分析。仿真結(jié)果表明,改用合乘優(yōu)先信號控制后,交叉口的交通流量和平均車速都有提升。 (4)分別選取京開高速馬家樓北段和北京中關(guān)村大街——知春路/海淀南路交叉口作為實例進行模型的有效性分析,仿真結(jié)果與實測數(shù)據(jù)貼合較好。在此基礎(chǔ)上,應(yīng)用模型進行合乘優(yōu)先與否條件下的交通仿真。仿真結(jié)果表明,當合乘率為25%時,實施合乘優(yōu)先會使高峰期間路段的交通流量增加1.49%,平均速度增大7.19%,車均油耗下降4.95%,車均排放下降4.47%；交叉口交通流量將增加4.33%,平均速度增大2.75%,平均排隊長度下降14.88%,平均延誤減少4.81%,車均油耗下降3.73%,車均排放下降3.98%。
[Abstract]:With the increase of urban population and the number of motor vehicles, the limited road resources are more and more difficult to meet the exuberant travel demand of urban residents.As a new travel mode, commutative travel has been proved to be one of the effective means to alleviate congestion and control demand in the practice of foreign traffic demand management.In order to explore the feasibility of co-rider trip and co-rider priority in Chinese cities, this paper applies the cellular automata theory of traffic flow to model and simulate the operation of urban road mixed traffic flow under the condition of co-rider priority.In the evaluation of model effect, both fuel consumption and exhaust emission index are taken into account, and the traffic efficiency is compared under the condition of priority or not in road sections and intersections.This research mainly includes the following contents:In this paper, the factors influencing the combined travel and the priority of co-rider are analyzed in detail, and the evaluation index system of the operation effect of the mixed traffic flow on urban roads including traffic operation, fuel consumption and exhaust emission is established.Among them, traffic flow, average speed, vehicle delay and queue length are considered.(2) the following and changing behaviors of vehicle are deeply analyzed, the acceleration is calculated according to the theory of nonlinear stimulus response, the classical cellular automata model is improved, and the discreet driving following model is put forward.In this paper, the formula for calculating the free change probability of vehicles considering the vehicle type and speed difference between front and back is derived. There is no special lane, there are bus lanes and only public transportation is allowed.A cellular automata model of road traffic flow with bus lanes and three traffic management measures.On this basis, the traffic efficiency under the above three conditions is simulated and compared.The simulation results show that the traffic operation benefit is the best under the combined passenger priority measures.In this paper, the vehicle operation behavior of the entrance road at the signalized intersection is described in detail. The entrance lane is subdivided into the near end no changing section, the middle section frequently changing the lane section and the far end section.In this paper, the calculation formula of vehicle forced change probability considering vehicle steering demand and lane attribute is derived, and the operation and evolution rules of each direction of vehicle flow in interlaced area are established, and the cellular automata model of segmented traffic flow at signalized intersection is constructed.On this basis, the control mode and effect of the red light early break priority signal at a single intersection are simulated and analyzed.The simulation results show that both the traffic flow and the average speed of the intersection are increased.4) the validity of the model is analyzed by selecting the north section of Jingkai Expressway Majialou and the intersection of Zhongguancun Street-Zhichun Road / Haidian South Road as examples, and the simulation results are in good agreement with the measured data.On the basis of this, the traffic simulation under the condition of co-rider priority or not is carried out by using the model.The simulation results show that when the multiplication rate is 25,The implementation of the combined passenger priority will increase the traffic flow at the peak period by 1.49, increase the average speed by 7.19, reduce the average fuel consumption by 4.95 percent, reduce the average vehicle emissions by 4.47 percent, increase the traffic flow at the intersection by 4.33, increase the average speed by 2.75, and reduce the average queue length by 14.88 percent.The average delay decreased 4.81%, the average fuel consumption decreased 3.73%, and the average vehicle emission decreased 3.98%.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U491

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