本文選題：平朔礦區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：道路　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：道路作為鑲嵌于景觀中的線(xiàn)狀廊道為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)能量、物質(zhì)傳輸,動(dòng)植物移動(dòng)提供通道,對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定、生物的多樣性有積極作用。但隨著社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,人們不斷的新建道路,道路不斷深入景觀,道路的分布、演變、道路密度的變化使景觀受到干擾變得破碎、景觀類(lèi)型減少、消失,而這些景觀格局的變化可能會(huì)影響到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能,從而導(dǎo)致部分動(dòng)植物減少、干擾動(dòng)植物的移動(dòng)格局,甚至演變?yōu)閷?duì)生境和種群的破碎化。作為特殊區(qū)域,平朔礦區(qū)道路類(lèi)型多樣,而道路隨時(shí)間分布、密度的變化又使得礦區(qū)道路對(duì)景觀作用機(jī)制更趨于復(fù)雜。本文通過(guò)影像和實(shí)地調(diào)查提取平朔礦區(qū)道路網(wǎng),根據(jù)道路生態(tài)學(xué)相關(guān)研究理論利用GIS疊置分析法、緩存區(qū)分析法、核密度分析法、景觀指數(shù)法等對(duì)平朔礦區(qū)道路時(shí)空演變,不同道路周?chē)坝^類(lèi)型及其對(duì)景觀破碎化,不同道路密度下路網(wǎng)演變、周?chē)坝^類(lèi)型及景觀格局的變化情況進(jìn)行分析并結(jié)合研究區(qū)實(shí)際情況實(shí)地調(diào)研找出變化原因,同時(shí)結(jié)合研究結(jié)果參考景觀生態(tài)功能模型對(duì)不同類(lèi)型道路及不同階段道路優(yōu)化提出建議。結(jié)果表明:(1) 1996年前道路類(lèi)型、數(shù)量均增加,但不變道路最多。隨著時(shí)間變化,頻繁的工礦道路增加、滅失使得研究區(qū)道路變化波動(dòng)增大。(2)在一定影響域,隨著時(shí)間變化對(duì)景觀破碎化影響變?yōu)?縣鄉(xiāng)道路省道工礦道路鐵路高速城鎮(zhèn)道路。(3)縣鄉(xiāng)、省道、高速道路對(duì)景觀破碎化影響的影響域距離閾值為1000m,鐵路為1500m,城鎮(zhèn)道路小于500m。特別的,工礦道路破碎化影響隨距離增加一直增大,影響到研究區(qū)外更大區(qū)域。(4)隨時(shí)間變化研究區(qū)各等級(jí)道路密度均增加,高核道路密度由1個(gè)增到7個(gè)且分布廣,最高密度分布由原來(lái)分布于耕地、城鎮(zhèn)用地變?yōu)槌擎?zhèn)、工礦用地。隨著道路密度增加,礦區(qū)景觀破碎化程度增大,而當(dāng)工礦道路道路密度為5.19km/km2時(shí)景觀破碎度卻降低。道路密度為3等級(jí)景觀形狀指數(shù)最大,道路密度為7等級(jí)時(shí)景觀多樣性最大。不同于相關(guān)研究結(jié)果道路密度越大各景觀指數(shù)越大規(guī)律。(5)道路優(yōu)化除了考慮隨時(shí)間變化下,道路分布及其道路密度變化對(duì)原地貌和采礦生產(chǎn)區(qū)道路周?chē)坝^破碎化影響,同時(shí)也要考慮研究區(qū)不同發(fā)展階段及不同發(fā)展階段不同區(qū)域道路優(yōu)化的不同措施建議,使得研究區(qū)道路優(yōu)化能更具針對(duì)性和實(shí)際操作性。
[Abstract]:As a linear corridor embedded in the landscape, the road provides channels for ecosystem energy, material transfer, animal and plant movement, and plays a positive role in ecosystem stability and biological diversity.But with the development of society and economy, people build new roads, the roads go deep into the landscape, the distribution of roads, the evolution of roads, the change of road density makes the landscape become fragmented, the types of landscape decrease and disappear.The changes of these landscape patterns may affect the function of ecosystem, resulting in the decrease of some animals and plants, interfere with the moving pattern of animals and plants, and even degenerate into the fragmentation of habitats and populations.As a special area, there are many types of roads in Pingshuo mining area, and the change of road density with time makes the mechanism of road action on landscape more complex.In this paper, the road network of Pingshuo mining area is extracted by image and field investigation. According to the relevant research theory of road ecology, the temporal and spatial evolution of Pingshuo mining area is analyzed by GIS overlay analysis, buffer area analysis, kernel density analysis, landscape index method, etc.Different road surrounding landscape types and their fragmentation, road network evolution under different road density, surrounding landscape types and landscape pattern changes were analyzed, and combined with the actual situation of the study area to find out the reasons for the change.At the same time, based on the results of the study, some suggestions on the optimization of different types of roads and different stages of roads are put forward with reference to the landscape ecological function model.The results showed that the number of roads increased before 1996, but the number of the same roads was the most.With the change of time, the frequent industrial and mining roads increase, and the loss of the roads increases the fluctuation of the roads in the study area.With the change of time, the influence on landscape fragmentation becomes: County and township roads, provincial roads, industrial and mining roads, high speed cities, towns, cities and towns. The threshold of distance between county and township, provincial roads and high speed roads on landscape fragmentation is 1000m, 1500m for railways, and less than 500m for urban roads.In particular, the impact of road fragmentation on industrial and mining roads increases continuously with the increase of distance, affecting a larger area outside the study area. The density of each grade of roads in the study area increases with time, and the density of high nuclear roads increases from 1 to 7 and is widely distributed.Maximum density distribution from the original distribution of arable land, urban land into towns, industrial and mining land.With the increase of road density, the degree of landscape fragmentation increases, but when the road density is 5.19km/km2, the degree of landscape fragmentation decreases.The landscape shape index was the largest when the road density was 3 grade, and the landscape diversity was the biggest when the road density was 7 grade.In addition to considering the change of road distribution and road density over time, the road distribution and the changes of road density affect the landscape fragmentation around the roads in the original geomorphology and mining production areas.At the same time, it is necessary to consider the different measures of road optimization in different development stages and different development stages of the study area, so that the road optimization in the study area can be more targeted and practical.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：U421.6;P901

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