本文選題：ITS　切入點(diǎn)：公交車數(shù)據(jù)　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：城市路網(wǎng)矢量地圖是ITS (Intelligent Transportation System)的核心組成部分,在眾多應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)中都扮演著重要角色,如位置服務(wù)、路徑規(guī)劃、智能交通誘導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)等都離不開精確、完整的路網(wǎng)矢量地圖。然而,隨著城市經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)日趨復(fù)雜而且變動頻繁,給路網(wǎng)地圖的維護(hù)帶來更大挑戰(zhàn)。目前,路網(wǎng)矢量地圖大多依賴手工完成,成本高且更新周期較長,不易及時反映出路網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)的變動。因此,研究一種低成本且高效的城市路網(wǎng)地圖自動生成方法有著極高的應(yīng)用價值。近年來,越來越多的GPS車載設(shè)備被安裝在了公交車、出租車上,這些浮動車分布于城市的各條道路上,通過GPS定位,實(shí)時上傳著車輛的位置信息,大量的軌跡數(shù)據(jù)蘊(yùn)藏著豐富的道路信息,而且這些數(shù)據(jù)具有精度高、道路覆蓋范圍廣、采集成本低等優(yōu)勢。本文在深入分析公交車GPS數(shù)據(jù)特點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種基于公交車GPS數(shù)據(jù)自動生成城市路網(wǎng)地圖的方法。論文首先對課題中涉及到的相關(guān)技術(shù)作了介紹,主要有浮動車數(shù)據(jù)采集技術(shù)和方法、GPS系統(tǒng)組成及定位原理、城市路網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、道路網(wǎng)模型等。然后針對公交車實(shí)時采集的原始GPS數(shù)據(jù)存在的誤差,分別進(jìn)行了識別與處理,對缺失數(shù)據(jù)及異常數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行修復(fù)或剔除；并且采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)的方法對大量的GPS數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行直方圖統(tǒng)計(jì),篩選出高頻軌跡點(diǎn)作為構(gòu)建道路的核心點(diǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出了基于公交車GPS數(shù)據(jù)的單條道路路線生成方法,并對生成的道路路線通過去除異常點(diǎn)和拐角插值進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步修正。在提取到單條道路路線后,本文提出了一種追加式路網(wǎng)生成方法,該方法通過不斷追加道路路線來獲取交叉口,切分路段,構(gòu)建路網(wǎng)拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu),從而逐漸形成完整的路網(wǎng)矢量地圖。最后,本文利用濟(jì)南市公交車輛的GPS數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明該方法能夠生成城市路網(wǎng)矢量地圖,并且地圖的位置精度較高,具有良好的應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:Urban road network vector map is the core component of ITS Intelligent Transportation system. It plays an important role in many application systems, such as location service, path planning, intelligent traffic guidance system and so on. However, with the rapid development of urban economy, the road network structure is becoming more and more complex and changing frequently, which brings more challenges to the maintenance of road network maps. At present, most of the road network vector maps rely on manual completion. Because of the high cost and long renewal period, it is difficult to reflect the changes of road network structure in time. Therefore, it is of great value to study a low cost and efficient method for automatic generation of urban road network map in recent years. More and more GPS vehicles are installed on buses and taxis. These floating cars are located on various roads in the city. They can upload the information about the vehicle's location in real time through GPS location. A large number of track data contain abundant road information, and these data have the advantages of high accuracy, wide road coverage, low acquisition cost and so on. This paper analyzes the characteristics of bus GPS data in depth. In this paper, a method of automatically generating urban road network map based on bus GPS data is presented. The data structure of urban road network, road network model and so on. Secondly, the errors of original GPS data collected by bus in real time are identified and processed, and the missing data and abnormal data are repaired or eliminated. A lot of GPS data are statistically analyzed by histogram, and the high-frequency track points are selected as the core points to construct the road. On this basis, a method of single road route generation based on bus GPS data is proposed. The generated road route is further modified by removing abnormal points and corner interpolation. After extracting a single road route, an additional road network generation method is proposed in this paper. In this method, the intersection is obtained by adding the road route continuously, the road sections are divided into sections, the topological structure of the road network is constructed, and the complete map of the road network vector is gradually formed. Finally, the GPS data of the public transport vehicles in Jinan are used to carry on the experiment in this paper. The experimental results show that this method can generate the vector map of urban road network, and the location accuracy of the map is high, and it has good application value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U495;TP311.13

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本文編號：1679401