本文選題：陜西　切入點(diǎn)：黃土邊坡　出處：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：近十多年來(lái),黃土地區(qū)快速發(fā)展的公路、鐵路、市政道路等基礎(chǔ)工程建設(shè),加快了當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展,同時(shí)形成了大量的黃土路塹邊坡,使得當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)環(huán)境不同程度地遭到破壞。通過(guò)水土保持界和公路界研究者的不斷探索,黃土地區(qū)路塹邊坡已發(fā)展了眾多的坡面植被防護(hù)技術(shù),有效地防治了坡面侵蝕和沖刷,保證邊坡淺表層的穩(wěn)定性,并改善了路域生態(tài)環(huán)境。作者通過(guò)對(duì)陜西省及周邊地區(qū)通車5~10年的多條高速公路黃土路塹邊坡植被防護(hù)的詳細(xì)調(diào)查,依據(jù)坡面植被恢復(fù)的立地條件將其分為三類:坡面直接種植植被護(hù)坡技術(shù);改造坡面形態(tài)的植被護(hù)坡技術(shù);綜合護(hù)坡技術(shù)(植被與工程防護(hù)結(jié)合),并分析了各自的防護(hù)效果及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。同時(shí),調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)許多坡面植被防護(hù)技術(shù)的在后期均發(fā)生了不同程度的退化,主要是由于邊坡坡度(坡比)過(guò)大,土壤含水量減少,出現(xiàn)“土壤干層”而造成的。因此,土壤水分是影響黃土路塹邊坡植被恢復(fù)和重建的關(guān)鍵因素�；诖�,論文選擇陜西省西安市南郊三處典型黃土路塹植被防護(hù)邊坡為試驗(yàn)點(diǎn),通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查、室內(nèi)外土壤含水率測(cè)試等,研究結(jié)果表明路塹邊坡的坡度(坡比)、坡向、坡位、植被類型和防護(hù)模式等是影響邊坡土壤含水率的主要因素。其中中坡位大于下坡位,下坡位大于上坡位;陡坡(53°)小于緩坡(29°);陰坡大于陽(yáng)坡;貼地植被大于直立植被;草灌結(jié)合防護(hù)模式小于灌木單一防護(hù)模式。通過(guò)原位雙環(huán)滲透試驗(yàn),測(cè)定邊坡平臺(tái)離石黃土(Q22eol)和馬蘭黃土(Q3eol)的滲透系數(shù),分析了不同土體的降雨入滲規(guī)律。同時(shí),利用土壤溫濕度計(jì),測(cè)定了邊坡表層土壤的體積含水率,分析了降雨對(duì)表層土壤水分的影響規(guī)律。以草本植被-小冠花根系為例,配置根土復(fù)合體以研究了植被根系與邊坡淺表層土壤的相互作用機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明:影響根土復(fù)合體抗剪強(qiáng)度的主要因素有根系密度、根系直徑、含水率、須根含量及根系主要分布方式等。植被根系對(duì)根土復(fù)合體內(nèi)摩擦角的影響未呈現(xiàn)出規(guī)律性,而對(duì)粘聚力的影響較大。即主根密度越大,根土復(fù)合體的抗剪強(qiáng)度越大;隨著根系直徑的增大和須根含量增加,根土復(fù)合體的抗剪強(qiáng)度呈現(xiàn)出先增大后減小趨勢(shì);隨著土體含水率的增加,根土復(fù)合體的抗剪強(qiáng)度逐漸減小;在數(shù)量和直徑相同的情況下,根土復(fù)合體在受到剪切作用時(shí),垂直根系作用斜生根系水平根系。上述研究成果,對(duì)今后陜西省甚至西部黃土地區(qū)路塹邊坡植被防護(hù)具有重要的指導(dǎo)和借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:In the past decade or so, the rapid development of roads, railways, municipal roads and other basic projects in the loess region has accelerated the local economic and social development, and at the same time formed a large number of loess cutting slopes. The local ecological environment has been destroyed to varying degrees. Through the continuous exploration of soil and water conservation and highway researchers, many slope vegetation protection techniques have been developed in the loess region, which has effectively prevented slope erosion and erosion. The stability of the shallow surface layer of the slope is guaranteed and the ecological environment of the road area is improved. The author makes a detailed investigation on the vegetation protection of loess cutting slope of several highways in Shaanxi Province and its surrounding areas, which are open to traffic for 5 to 10 years. According to the site conditions of slope vegetation restoration, it can be divided into three categories: slope protection technology by planting vegetation directly on slope surface, vegetation slope protection technology by transforming slope form. The comprehensive slope protection technology (the combination of vegetation and engineering protection), and the analysis of their respective protective effects and advantages and disadvantages. At the same time, it is found that many slope vegetation protection techniques have been degraded in different degrees in the later stage. It is mainly caused by the slope gradient (slope ratio) is too large, the soil moisture content is reduced, and the "soil dry layer" appears. Therefore, soil moisture is the key factor to affect the vegetation restoration and reconstruction of loess cutting slope. In this paper, three typical loess cutting vegetation protection slopes in the southern suburb of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province are selected as test sites. The results show that the slope of the cutting slope (slope ratio, slope direction, slope position) is measured by field investigation and indoor and outdoor soil moisture content test. Vegetation type and protection model are the main factors affecting soil moisture content of slope, in which the middle slope is larger than the downhill position, the downhill position is larger than the upper slope position, the steep slope is 53 擄) less than the gentle slope, the shade slope is larger than the sunny slope, the vegetation is larger than the vertical vegetation. The combined protection model of grass and irrigation is smaller than the single shrub protection model. The permeability coefficients of slope platform Lishi loess Q22eoland Ma Lan loess Q3eol) are measured by in situ double-ring permeation test, and the rainfall infiltration laws of different soils are analyzed. The volumetric moisture content of the surface soil of the slope was measured by soil temperature and humidity meter, and the effect of rainfall on the surface soil moisture was analyzed. The root system of herbaceous vegetation-small crown flower was taken as an example. The mechanism of interaction between vegetation root system and slope shallow surface soil was studied by collocation of root soil complex. The results showed that root density, root diameter and moisture content were the main factors influencing the shear strength of root soil complex, and the main factors affecting the shear strength of root soil complex were root density, root diameter and moisture content. The content of fibrous root and the main distribution of root system, etc. The influence of vegetation root on the angle of internal friction of root-soil complex is not regular, but the influence on cohesion is greater. That is to say, the more density of main root, the greater the shear strength of root-soil complex; With the increase of root diameter and fibrous root content, the shear strength of root soil complex increased first and then decreased, and the shear strength of root soil complex gradually decreased with the increase of soil moisture content. Under the condition of equal number and diameter, the root soil complex acted on horizontal root system with oblique roots when shearing. It has important guidance and reference significance for the protection of cutting slope vegetation in Shaanxi Province and even the loess region in the west of China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U417.1

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