本文選題：裂隙巖體隧道　切入點：地下水環(huán)境　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：隧道建設(shè)與地下水環(huán)境及次生的生態(tài)環(huán)境是相互作用制約的矛盾體,與地下水作斗爭是隧道建設(shè)者多年來費盡心機去解決的技術(shù)難題之一。一方面是地下水對隧道的影響：富水地層開挖隧道會帶來突水涌泥的安全威脅,全包防水形成高水壓考驗隧道結(jié)構(gòu)承載能力,運營隧道滲漏水危及行車安全；另一方面是隧道對地下水環(huán)境的影響,富水地層開挖隧道造成水資源流失、水位下降、生態(tài)及人居環(huán)境惡化等不良影響。二者矛盾涉及到施工安全、環(huán)境保護(hù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)投入和社會效應(yīng)等多方面。深入開展裂隙巖體隧道與地下水環(huán)境相互作用機理及控制技術(shù)研究,可為降低施工風(fēng)險、保證運營安全、保護(hù)地下水環(huán)境提供參考依據(jù)和技術(shù)支持,將具有重要的學(xué)術(shù)價值和實際意義。 地下水發(fā)育的多樣性和復(fù)雜性、裂隙巖體的非均質(zhì)性及滲流各向異性、施工及運營過程的動態(tài)性等決定著裂隙巖體隧道與地下水環(huán)境相互作用科學(xué)問題研究的困難性。論文針對裂隙巖體隧道特點,對目前山嶺隧道大多采用的“半包”防水結(jié)構(gòu),采用理論分析、數(shù)值計算、現(xiàn)場試驗及應(yīng)用驗證相結(jié)合的方法,開展了施工及運營階段隧道對地下水環(huán)境的影響規(guī)律研究、運營階段地下水環(huán)境變化對隧道襯砌背后水壓力的影響規(guī)律研究,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出裂隙巖體隧道與地下水環(huán)境相互影響評價技術(shù)體系,最后應(yīng)用于石太客運專線石板山隧道和貴廣鐵路東科嶺隧道兩個實際工程中進(jìn)行檢驗,取得以下研究成果： (1)確定了初始、施工和運營三個研究階段,將影響因素分為不可控因素和可控因素,分階段確定研究重點和研究目標(biāo)。 (2)根據(jù)裂隙巖體隧道滲流特點及隧道施工及運營特點,考慮裂隙巖體分層及層理產(chǎn)狀,建立了裂隙巖體非均質(zhì)、非軸向各向異性等效隧道瞬態(tài)滲流模型,用于模擬隧道開挖施工過程、結(jié)構(gòu)施作過程、不同防排水措施及時間對的地下水滲流的影響規(guī)律。 (3)揭示了隧道施工及運營過程中地下水滲流規(guī)律,掌握了滲流速度、地下水位、地下水資源流失量及排水影響半徑隨施工及運營過程的變化規(guī)律。 (4)揭示了裂隙巖體隧道與地下水環(huán)境相互作用機理。分別研究了施工及運營階段不可控因素和可控因素對地下水資源流失量、水位變化、水位恢復(fù)及襯砌背后水壓力的影響規(guī)律。 (5)提出為實現(xiàn)保護(hù)地下水環(huán)境及減小襯砌背后水壓力,而在隧道選址及設(shè)計、施工及運營過程中的工程措施建議。隧道選址時應(yīng)選擇低滲流性的水平巖層更為有利；設(shè)計選擇高位隧道以減小水位埋深；施工方法選用每部封閉成環(huán)的CRD法、雙側(cè)壁導(dǎo)坑法、CD法更有利；支護(hù)封閉時間越短越有利：提高噴層整體抗?jié)B性能,減少噴層開裂滲漏,減少襯砌開裂滲漏,保證防水板、排水盲管等防排水結(jié)構(gòu)的施工質(zhì)量特別重要。“半包”防水條件下,注漿加固可實現(xiàn)地下水環(huán)境與隧道工程相互作用過程中的“雙贏”,既有效控制了水資源流失和水位下降,又有效減小了拱墻襯砌背后的水壓力,注漿方式也是實現(xiàn)“限量排放”行之有效的方法。 (6)提出了裂隙巖體隧道與地下水環(huán)境相互作用評價技術(shù)體系。確定了二者相互作用過程中的4個評價目標(biāo)U,構(gòu)建了5類共29項評價指標(biāo)構(gòu)成的評價指標(biāo)體系,提出了各評價目標(biāo)預(yù)測(Upi)與控制(Uci)分項評價的評價方法,建立了二者相互作用負(fù)效應(yīng)的V級百分制評價等級標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并提出“限量排放”必要性的Ⅳ級評價等級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和相應(yīng)的工程措施建議。 (7)將研究成果應(yīng)用于石太客專石板山隧道和貴廣鐵路東科嶺隧道。結(jié)合不同隧道環(huán)境特點,對隧道與地下水環(huán)境相互影響進(jìn)行預(yù)測和評價,在限量排放必要性判別的基礎(chǔ)上,提出相應(yīng)工程措施,最大限度地保護(hù)了地下水環(huán)境和施工安全,運營階段地下水位得以恢復(fù)。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment construction of tunnel and groundwater environment and secondary contradiction is restricted each other, struggle with the groundwater is one of the technical problems to solve the tunnel builders over the years bend over backwards. One is the effect of underground water on tunnel excavation: threatening the safety of water rich strata tunnel will bring water and mud burst, water bearing formation condition the ability structure of high water pressure test of tunnel, tunnel seepage Water Leakage endanger traffic safety; on the other hand is the tunnel environmental impact on groundwater, water rich strata caused by loss of water resource, the water level dropped, adverse effects and ecological environment worsening. The contradiction between the two relates to the construction of safety, environmental protection, economic and social effects other aspects. Carry out the fractured rock tunnel and groundwater environment interaction mechanism and control technology, can reduce the risk of construction, ensure the operation safety It is of great academic value and practical significance to provide reference basis and technical support for the protection of groundwater environment.
Groundwater development diversity and complexity, heterogeneity and anisotropy of anisotropic seepage in fractured rock, construction and operation of the dynamic characteristic determines the difficulty of fractured rock tunnel and groundwater environment interaction problem of science. The thesis focuses on the characteristics of fractured rock tunnel, most of the "half" mountain tunnel waterproof structure by theoretical analysis, numerical calculation method, field test and application to verify the combination, carried out the influence of construction and operation phase of the tunnel on the groundwater environment law research, the study on the effect of the change of groundwater environment operation stage of tunnel lining water pressure behind, and on the basis of fractured rock tunnel and groundwater environment influence evaluation system finally, applied to the Shijiazhuang Taiyuan Passenger Dedicated Line Shibanshan tunnel and Guiyang Guangzhou Railway East branch tunnel two in practical engineering for inspection The following results are obtained:
(1) the initial, construction and operation of three research stages are determined, and the factors are divided into uncontrollable and controllable factors, and the research focus and the research target are determined in stages.
(2) according to the seepage characteristics of fractured rock tunnel and tunnel construction and operation characteristics of fractured rock masses considering stratification and stratification, the establishment of the fractured rock heterogeneous, anisotropic equivalent tunnel transient seepage model of non axial, for the excavation process simulation of tunnel structure, construction process, the influence of different drainage measures and groundwater seepage right.
(3) it reveals the law of groundwater seepage in the process of tunnel construction and operation, and grasps the changing rule of seepage velocity, groundwater level, loss of groundwater resources and drainage influence radius with construction and operation process.
(4) the interaction mechanism between fractured rock tunnel and groundwater environment is revealed. The influence of uncontrollable factors and controllable factors on groundwater resources loss, water level change, water level recovery and water pressure behind lining are studied respectively.
(5) proposed to achieve the environmental protection of groundwater and reduce the water pressure behind lining, and the site selection and design in the tunnel construction process, engineering measures and operation of the tunnel. The site should choose low level rock seepage is more favorable; design of high tunnel with Jian Xiaoshui depth; construction methods of each Department closed a ring of CRD method, the method of double side more favorable CD; support and the shorter time more favorable: improve the overall spray layer impermeability, reduce shotcrete layer cracking leakage, reduce lining crack and leakage, ensure the waterproof plate, drainage blindgut proof construction quality of drainage structure is particularly important. "Half" water conditions, the grouting reinforcement can realize the groundwater environment and tunnel engineering in the interaction process between the "win-win", can effectively control the loss of water resources and the water level dropped, and effectively reduce the arch wall lining behind the water injection pressure The method of slurry is also an effective method to realize "limited discharge".
(6) the fractured rock tunnel and the interaction of groundwater environment evaluation system. To determine the 4 evaluation target U interaction process of the two, was constructed consisting of 5 categories of 29 evaluation indicators of the evaluation index system, put forward the evaluation target prediction (Upi) and control (Uci) method of partial evaluation evaluation of the established interaction between the two negative effects of V percentile evaluation grade standard, and the standard IV grade emission limits "the necessary engineering measures and corresponding suggestions.
(7) based on the research results of Shijiazhuang Taiyuan Passenger Dedicated Shibanshan tunnel and Guiyang Guangzhou Railway East branch tunnel. According to the different characteristics of the tunnel environment, the interaction between tunnel and groundwater environment impact prediction and evaluation, in limited emissions need based on the identification, put forward the corresponding engineering measures, to maximize the protection of groundwater and environment the safety of construction, the underground water level operation stage can be restored.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U452.11;U453.61

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