本文選題：公路景觀　切入點(diǎn)：空間圍合度　出處：《北京工業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：公路景觀既可以增加公路安全性和舒適性,也可以保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境。但目前對(duì)于公路景觀的研究大多局限于靜態(tài)描述、主觀評(píng)價(jià)、表象研究,對(duì)駕駛?cè)伺c公路景觀的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系認(rèn)識(shí)不夠,導(dǎo)致景觀公路冗長(zhǎng)或景觀圍合形式單一等問(wèn)題,構(gòu)成駕駛安全隱患�；诖吮尘跋�,論文從駕駛?cè)诵纳硖卣鞯慕嵌瘸霭l(fā),以交通工程心理學(xué)、公路景觀學(xué)等理論為指導(dǎo),駕駛模擬艙和心電儀為支撐,室內(nèi)模擬駕駛實(shí)驗(yàn)與室外駕駛驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)相結(jié)合,研究公路景觀圍合度對(duì)駕駛特征的影響機(jī)理。論文主要對(duì)以下四項(xiàng)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行研究:第一、公路景觀圍合度的歸類研究。根據(jù)空間圍合度量值D/H對(duì)公路空間形態(tài)進(jìn)行劃分,并用主觀感知的視野開(kāi)闊程度驗(yàn)證分類方式的準(zhǔn)確性,提出景觀空間圍合度劃分為三類,即開(kāi)放、半開(kāi)放和封閉的圍合形式。第二、基于公路景觀圍合度的駕駛特征研究。遴選30名實(shí)驗(yàn)者開(kāi)展不同景觀圍合度下的模擬駕駛實(shí)驗(yàn)。采集實(shí)驗(yàn)者心電指標(biāo)與車輛運(yùn)行指標(biāo),進(jìn)行駕駛特征差異性分析與指標(biāo)提取。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)開(kāi)放和封閉場(chǎng)景的駕駛特征有顯著性差異,特征指標(biāo)提取為L(zhǎng)D與LF/HF。第三、不同景觀圍合度的公路長(zhǎng)度閾值研究。以駕駛?cè)嗽陂L(zhǎng)直公路上行駛的案例作為應(yīng)用,研究駕駛?cè)诵碾娭笜?biāo)LF/HF隨公路長(zhǎng)度的變化規(guī)律,建立基于LF/HF的公路長(zhǎng)度三次擬合多項(xiàng)式模型,并通過(guò)函數(shù)求導(dǎo)法推算不同景觀圍合度下的公路長(zhǎng)度理論閾值。通過(guò)壓力測(cè)試問(wèn)卷評(píng)估公路長(zhǎng)度的期望閾值,校驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ偷木雀哂?0%,證實(shí)結(jié)論的可靠性。第四、模擬駕駛實(shí)驗(yàn)有效性研究。開(kāi)展實(shí)地駕駛驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn),選取并采集精度較高的心電指標(biāo)HR與LF/HF作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。對(duì)比分析室內(nèi)外評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性及趨勢(shì)變化的一致性,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)室內(nèi)外評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)相關(guān)度高且一致性強(qiáng),證實(shí)室內(nèi)模擬實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)有效性。同時(shí)基于特征指標(biāo)LF/HF計(jì)算公路長(zhǎng)度實(shí)際閾值,并用公路長(zhǎng)度理論閾值對(duì)實(shí)際閾值進(jìn)行校驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)模型精度介于82%~99%之間,證實(shí)閾值的可靠性。論文成果可為公路景觀的靈活設(shè)計(jì)和人性化設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)踐提供初步理論參考。
[Abstract]:The highway landscape can increase road safety and comfort, but also can protect the ecological environment. But the research for the study of the highway landscape is mostly confined to the static description, subjective evaluation, appearance, internal relations of the driver and the highway landscape cognition is not enough, resulting in landscape road landscape Wai long or single form, constitute driving safety. Based on this background, this paper from the perspective of people driving physiological characteristics, the traffic engineering psychology, highway landscape theory for guidance, driving simulator and ECG as the support, driving verification experiment combined indoor and outdoor simulation driving experiment, research on highway landscape effect degree on the driving characteristics of the mechanism. This paper mainly researches on the following four aspects: first, the study of the classification of the highway landscape enclosure. According to the enclosed space measure D/H on highway spatial form planning Points, and verify the accuracy of classification using the subjective perception of vision, proposed enclosure landscape space division into three categories, namely open, semi open and closed the enclosed form. Second, research on the driving characteristics of highway landscape based on the enclosure. The driving simulation test selection 30 participants carried out under different landscape enclosure the experimenter. Acquisition ECG indices and vehicle operation indicators, driving analysis and index characteristics of differential extraction. The experimental results showed that the driving characteristics of open and closed scenes have significant difference, characteristic index extraction LD and LF/HF. third, on the road length threshold of different landscape enclosure. To the driver driving in the long straight road on the case as an application, the research of driver's ECG index LF/HF changes with the length of the road, a road length of three times the polynomial model based on LF/HF, and through the function derivative method Calculation of different landscape Wai Road length theory. Through the threshold degree under the pressure test questionnaire were used to evaluate the desired threshold road length, check the accuracy of the model is higher than 90%, reliability confirmed the conclusion. Fourth, the driving simulation test is effective to carry out field research. Driving experiments, HR and LF/HF ECG indicators selected as evaluation and acquisition of high precision consistency index. Correlation and trend index comparative analysis of the evaluation results of indoor and outdoor, indoor and outdoor evaluation indexes of high and strong consistency, confirmed the effectiveness of indoor simulation experiment data. At the same time based on the characteristics of LF/HF index calculation of highway actual length threshold, and the actual threshold check by road length threshold theory, found the accuracy of the model is 82%~99%, confirmed the threshold reliability. The results of this paper will provide flexible design and humanized design practice of highway landscape at the beginning Step theory reference.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U491.254
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本文編號(hào)：1584954