本文關(guān)鍵詞： 瀝青 多聚磷酸 動態(tài)剪切流變儀 原子力顯微鏡　出處：《昆明理工大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在中國,隨著公路建設(shè)的快速發(fā)展,瀝青混凝土的需求逐年增加,瀝青的使用量迅速增長。同時由于交通量和荷載的增加,普通瀝青已難以滿足現(xiàn)在道路的要求,目前已經(jīng)使用多種改性劑來改善瀝青的性能來滿足道路需求。聚合物類改性瀝青屬于物理改性,存在成本高、改性設(shè)備貴、改性工藝復(fù)雜、以及儲存穩(wěn)定性差等缺點,制約著我國改性瀝青的發(fā)展。在瀝青中摻加多聚磷酸進行化學改性,可以有效的解決現(xiàn)有物理改性的缺點,同時多聚磷酸改性瀝青成本低廉、工藝簡單,具有良好的應(yīng)用前景。首先為了驗證多聚磷酸對云南本地使用瀝青的改性作用,本文通過實驗室制備了多聚磷酸改性瀝青,研究了多聚磷酸的添加對基質(zhì)瀝青的物理性能的影響。試驗結(jié)果表明,多聚磷酸的添加使基質(zhì)瀝青的延度下降、軟化點上升、針入度下降,可以有效改善基質(zhì)瀝青的感溫性、高溫穩(wěn)定性、抗老化性能等,對云南本地瀝青有良好的改性效果。以上對多聚磷酸改性瀝青的性能進行了初步研究,但都使用的是我國規(guī)范上采用的經(jīng)驗性指標,不能很準確的評價材料的性能,并且與實際路用性能的關(guān)聯(lián)性也較差。為了更好的理解PPA對瀝青的改性作用,本文從粘彈性力學的角度出發(fā),研究了多聚磷酸改性瀝青的粘彈性力學行為,并試圖建立與實際路用性能的關(guān)聯(lián)。本文通過動態(tài)剪切流變實驗研究了溫度及作用荷載頻率對多聚磷酸改性瀝青老化前后粘彈參數(shù)的影響；通過靜態(tài)的多重應(yīng)力蠕變恢復(fù)實驗分析了多聚磷酸改性瀝青老化前后的蠕變特性。實驗結(jié)果表明,多聚磷酸的添加可以提高瀝青的復(fù)數(shù)剪切模量(G*),增大瀝青的疲勞因子(G*sinδ),減少瀝青的總應(yīng)變和不可恢復(fù)應(yīng)變,從而增強了路面抵抗永久變形的能力；并且降低瀝青對載荷的敏感度,降低老化對瀝青的影響,從而提高了路面抵抗疲勞車載的能力和耐久性。材料宏觀性質(zhì)的改變與材料微觀結(jié)構(gòu)有密切關(guān)系,研究材料微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,對理解材料的構(gòu)效關(guān)系、建立宏微觀尺度的關(guān)聯(lián)有重要意義。本文為了研究微觀下多聚磷酸對瀝青的影響,采用原子力顯微鏡對多聚磷酸改性瀝青老化前后的相圖、形貌圖及力-位移曲線進行了研究。結(jié)果表明,原子力顯微鏡是研究瀝青微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的有力工具,多聚磷酸的添加使瀝青中“蜂型”結(jié)構(gòu)增多,相互連接、長大,并且白色區(qū)域面積增大,同時多聚磷酸的添加使白色區(qū)域的彈性模量增加,粘附力上升。綜上所述,多聚磷酸作為一種化學改性劑,不但可以單獨使用,可以很好的改善瀝青的性能,還可以與其他聚合物進行復(fù)配,生產(chǎn)出性能更為優(yōu)異的改性瀝青,從而滿足高性能道路的要求。原子力顯微鏡可以很好的觀察到瀝青在微觀下的形貌,并可以對其微觀下力學性能進行測試,為今后進行宏觀性能與微觀性能的關(guān)聯(lián)打下基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In China, with the rapid development of highway construction, the demand of asphalt concrete increases year by year, and the use of asphalt increases rapidly. At the same time, due to the increase of traffic volume and load. Ordinary asphalt has been difficult to meet the requirements of the current road. At present, a variety of modifiers have been used to improve the performance of asphalt to meet road needs. Polymer modified asphalt is physical modified and has high cost. The development of modified asphalt in China is restricted by the disadvantages of expensive equipment complex modification process and poor storage stability. Chemical modification is carried out by adding polyphosphoric acid into asphalt. It can effectively solve the shortcomings of the existing physical modification, at the same time, the polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt has low cost and simple process. In order to verify the effect of polyphosphoric acid on the modification of Yunnan native asphalt, polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt was prepared in laboratory. The effect of polyphosphoric acid addition on the physical properties of matrix asphalt was studied. The experimental results showed that the addition of polyphosphoric acid decreased the ductility of matrix asphalt, the softening point increased and the penetration decreased. It can effectively improve the temperature sensitivity, high temperature stability, aging resistance and so on, and has a good modification effect on Yunnan native asphalt. The performance of polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt has been preliminarily studied. However, all of them are empirical indexes used in our country, which can not evaluate the performance of materials accurately, and the relevance with the actual road performance is also poor. In order to better understand the effect of PPA on the modification of asphalt. In this paper, the viscoelastic behavior of polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt was studied from the point of view of viscoelastic mechanics. The influence of temperature and loading frequency on viscoelastic parameters of polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt before and after aging was studied by dynamic shear rheological experiment. The creep properties of polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt before and after aging were analyzed by static multi-stress creep recovery experiment. The experimental results show that the addition of polyphosphoric acid can improve the complex shear modulus of asphalt. By increasing the fatigue factor of asphalt, the total strain and unrecoverable strain of asphalt are reduced, and the ability of road surface to resist permanent deformation is enhanced. And reduce the sensitivity of asphalt to load, reduce the influence of aging on asphalt, thus improve the ability and durability of road anti-fatigue vehicle. The change of material macroscopical properties is closely related to the microstructure of material. It is very important to study the change of material microstructure in order to understand the structure-activity relationship of materials and to establish the relationship between macro and micro scale. In order to study the effect of polyphosphoric acid on asphalt. The phase diagrams, morphologies and force-displacement curves of polyphosphoric acid modified asphalt before and after aging were studied by atomic force microscope (AFM). The results show that AFM is a powerful tool for studying the microstructure of asphalt. The addition of polyphosphoric acid makes the "bee type" structure in asphalt increase, connect with each other, grow up, and increase the area of white area. Meanwhile, the addition of polyphosphoric acid increases the elastic modulus of white area. To sum up, polyphosphoric acid as a chemical modifier, not only can be used alone, can improve the performance of asphalt, but also can be mixed with other polymers. In order to meet the requirements of high performance roads, the modified asphalt with better performance can be produced. Atomic force microscope (AFM) can observe the morphology of asphalt in microcosmic and test its mechanical properties. It will lay a foundation for the relationship between macro and micro performance in the future.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U414

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本文編號：1487947