本文關(guān)鍵詞：考慮碳排放成本的集裝箱班輪航線配船優(yōu)化研究　出處：《大連海事大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 集裝箱班輪 碳排放成本 碳稅稅率 航線配船

【摘要】：最近十年,溫室氣體的過量排放導(dǎo)致全球氣候變暖日益加劇,海運溫室氣體的排放逐漸引起廣泛關(guān)注并成為國際氣候談判的新焦點。以歐盟為首的世界大國開始引入監(jiān)控、核查和報告航運業(yè)溫室氣體排放的措施,國際海事組織也正在醞釀出臺相應(yīng)政策如征收航海碳稅和實施航運碳排放權(quán)交易機(jī)制來控制航運碳排放。因此,航運公司在經(jīng)營管理過程中如何采取措施應(yīng)對航運碳排放限制成為其面臨的重要問題。探討占航運業(yè)CO2排放量比重最大的集裝箱船碳減排,將低碳理念引入集裝箱班輪航線配船優(yōu)化中具有實際意義和超前意識。基于中國航運企業(yè)無法測量自有船舶的碳排放量、碳排放豁免標(biāo)準(zhǔn)無法界定以及EUA、CER價格估算方法未定,采用對班輪公司普遍征收碳稅的方法進(jìn)行研究。本文將碳排放量轉(zhuǎn)化為碳排放環(huán)境成本,建立了以班輪公司總利潤最大化為目標(biāo)的集裝箱航線配船優(yōu)化模型,并應(yīng)用于某C班輪公司所經(jīng)營的6條班輪航線和15條船舶所組成的集裝箱運輸網(wǎng)絡(luò),采用遺傳算法進(jìn)行求解,分別優(yōu)化出在考慮碳排放成本的前提下航運高峰期和航運低谷期各船舶的最優(yōu)船速和航線配船結(jié)果,并探討了不征收航海碳稅和征收低、中、高檔次的碳稅稅率情況下班輪公司總利潤、船舶航速及航線配船策略的變化。模型求解顯示：對集裝箱船征收碳稅時,相比不征收碳稅的情況,班輪船隊的船速普遍下降,班輪公司總利潤下降；在征收碳稅的情況下,航運市場處于低谷期時,相比高峰期時,船速下降的幅度更大,甚至碳稅稅率較高時,會出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的船舶閑置現(xiàn)象,班輪公司利潤嚴(yán)重下降；航運市場狀況相同時,相比征收低檔碳稅稅率,征收高檔碳稅稅率的情況下,船速雖然下降,燃油成本降低,碳排放成本卻有可能因高額的碳稅稅率而增加,班輪公司總利潤降低；相同市場狀況下,碳稅稅率增加,船舶閑置增加,但都較先閑置小船型而保留大船型,說明碳排放成本項的增加強(qiáng)化了班輪船隊的規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效應(yīng)。研究結(jié)果表明,本文建立的模型是合理有效的,可以為集裝箱班輪公司在應(yīng)對航海碳稅的情況下合理決策航速和航線配船提供依據(jù),并為低碳航運的深入研究提供理論可行性依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In the last decade, excessive emissions of greenhouse gases have led to an increase in global warming. Marine greenhouse gas emissions have gradually aroused widespread concern and become a new focus of international climate negotiations. The world powers led by the European Union began to introduce measures to monitor, verify and report greenhouse gas emissions from the shipping industry. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is also planning to issue the corresponding policies, such as the levy of maritime carbon tax and the implementation of shipping carbon emissions trading mechanism to control shipping carbon emissions. It is an important problem for shipping companies to take measures to deal with carbon emission limitation in shipping industry in the course of operation and management. This paper discusses the carbon emission reduction of container ships which account for the largest proportion of CO2 emissions in shipping industry. The introduction of low-carbon concept into the optimization of container liner routes has practical significance and advanced awareness. Based on the Chinese shipping companies can not measure the carbon emissions of their own ships carbon emission exemption standards can not be defined as well as EUA. The method of CER price estimation has not been determined, so the method of general levy of carbon tax on liner company is adopted. In this paper, the carbon emissions are converted into the environmental cost of carbon emissions. The optimization model of container shipping line with the goal of maximizing the total profit of liner company is established and applied to the container transportation network composed of 6 liner routes and 15 ships operated by a C liner company. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the optimal ship speed and route assignment under the premise of carbon emission cost. The paper also discusses the changes of the total profit, ship speed and route allocation strategy of liner companies under the circumstances of no marine carbon tax and low, middle and high carbon tax rates. The model solution shows that: when collecting carbon tax on container ships. Compared with the case of no carbon tax, the speed of the liner fleet generally decreased, and the total profit of the liner company fell; In the case of carbon tax, the shipping market is in the low period, compared with the peak period, the decline of ship speed is greater, even when the carbon tax rate is higher, there will be serious ship idle phenomenon. Liner companies' profits have fallen sharply; When the shipping market is in the same condition, compared with the low carbon tax rate and the high carbon tax rate, the ship speed may decrease and the fuel cost will decrease, but the carbon emission cost may increase because of the high carbon tax rate. The total profit of liner company is lower; Under the same market conditions, the tax rate of carbon tax increases and the idle ships increase, but the boat type is left idle first and the large ship form is retained. The results show that the increase of carbon emission cost has enhanced the scale economy effect of liner fleet. The results show that the model is reasonable and effective. It can provide the basis for the container liner company to make reasonable decision on shipping speed and route assignment under the circumstance of dealing with the carbon tax of navigation, and provide the theoretical and feasible basis for the further study of low carbon shipping.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連海事大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U692.33

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